| Summary: | 碩士 === 臺北醫學大學 === 醫學資訊研究所 === 97 === In recent years, people attach more and more importance to sleep disorder. Hence many hospitals in Taiwan set up sleep center to deal with problems of sleep disorder, modern people have to face this issue. Sleep disorder include insomnia, apnea, nightmare, noctambulation. Generally, sleep disorder can be detected in polysomnography (PSG).
Some studies show insomnia is relative with electroencephalogram (EEG) and autonomic nerve system (ANS). Insomnias’ beta power is more active than normal cases, and delta power is less activity than normal cases. Heart rate in insomnia and apnea groups is faster than normal cases. Low frequency (LF) in REM (rapid eye movements) is more activity in NREM (non-rapid eye movements), and delta power is negative relation with LF and LF/HF (low to high frequency ratio).
In order to find the differences in characteristics of HRV (Heart Rate Variability), EEG and sleep stage changing between normal, apnea and insomnia cases. We obtained PSG data of 30 normal (51±13 years), 30 insomnia (39±13 years) and 30 apnea (51±11 years) cases from the sleep center in Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital. According to the morning questionnaire all subjects are divided into subjective sleep good and poor groups. The definition of apnea is AHI (Apnea Hypopnea Index) or RDI (Respiratory Disturbance Index) over 15. The definition of insomnia is sleep efficiency lower than 80%. This study is focus on HRV, EEG and changing sleep stage. In HRV analysis, the average heart rate, standard deviation of RR interval, high frequency (HF), low frequency, normalized LF (LFnu), normalized HF (HFnu) and LF/HF were used. Sleep stage is according to Rechtschanffen and Kales (R&K standard criteria). In EEG analysis, alpha, beta, theta and delta band of EEG power were extracted by spectral analysis. All sleep stages are divided into REM and NREM. The changing sleep stage is focus on number of changing times which is REM, NREM and wake stage.
This study found that insomnia and apnea groups have more beta power and less delta power. In changing stage analysis, insomnia and apnea groups’ waking times are more than normal cases. HFnu value of insomnia and apnea is lower than normal subjects. This study shows a lowering of vagal activity and a raise of EEG beta activity are core problems in insomnia and apnea sleep disorder.
Keyword：Heart Rate Variability, Electroencephalogram, Insomnia, Apnea, Polysomnography
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