| Summary: | 碩士 === 輔仁大學 === 公共衛生學系碩士班 === 98 === Aims: The aims of this study were to design an educational multimedia HIV/AIDS prevention program for grade 10 night school students, and to assess its effect on AIDS knowledge, attitudes toward sex, self-efficacy of safe sex, and risky sexual behaviors after the intervention program.
Design of the educational program: The content was based on the Health Belief Model, Social Cognitive Theory and Life Skills. Teaching material was from existing materials, and revised according to experts and educators who were involved in this education program. The teaching materials included educator guidelines, a student learning manual, a multimedia CD (PowerPoint files, and 5 related short movies).
Method: A randomized control trial with pretest -posttest design was used. Multistage cluster sampling was used to obtain the sample (9 classes in nine different schools). These nine classes were randomly assigned into three groups: an experimental group (received the HIV/AIDS prevention education program for 3 weeks, 30 minutes per week), the control-1 group (received an anti-smoking education program for 3 weeks, 30 minutes per week), or the control-2 group (received neither the HIV/AIDS prevention program nor the anti-smoking education program). All students filled out the same questionnaire one week prior to the education intervention program (pretest in Sept. 2009, T0), after the education intervention program (posttest in Nov. 2009, T1), and 4 months after the education intervention program (delayed posttest in March 2010, T2). Although the questionnaires were anonymous, the same lottery numbers plus their dates of birth were used to link questionnaires which were filled out at T0, T1, T2. Outcome variables included AIDS knowledge, attitudes toward sex, self-efficacy of safe sex, and risky sexual behaviors.
Results: (1) From T0 to T2, 915 out of 1077 questionnaires were returned with a response rate of 85.0%. A total of 810 questionnaires (309 students) were completed, and 158 students (51.5%=158/309) were successfully linked for the three questionnaires which were filled out at T0, T1, T2 based on unique lottery numbers and their dates of birth. (2) For HIV/AIDS knowledge, significant improvements were shown. For the experimental group, the correct proportions of answers on the questionnaires were 50.1% for T0, 56.4% for T1, and 60.3% for T2 (T0 vs. T1, p =.0375; T0 vs. T2, p =.0012), indicating an immediate and long-term effect of our education program. The knowledge increase between T2 and T0 was higher in the experimental group (10.2) than both control groups (0.1, -2.0, respectively) (p=.0040). (3) For attitudes toward sex, self-efficacy of safe sex, and risky sexual behaviors, no significant difference was seen between the three study groups. The proportion of having the first sex experience during T0 and T2 was lowest in the experimental group (1 out of 54=1.9%) than that of the two control groups (4 out of 54=7.4%, 3 out of 50=6.0%, respectively), but statistical significance was not reached. (4) For satisfaction scores of the HIV/AIDS education program, the mean was 4.5 out of 6 in the experimental group, indicating that students were generally satisfied with the education program and believed that the program was helpful.
Conclusion: We saw an immediate and long-term effect on AIDS prevention knowledge from our three 30-minute sessions of the HIV/AIDS prevention education program, but not on attitudes toward sex, self-efficacy of safe sex, and risky sexual behaviors. We suggest that a larger sample size and longer follow-up time in future studies may be helpful to examine the effects of our educational program.
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