| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺北教育大學 === 心理與諮商學系碩士班 === 98 === Emotional labor is one kind of goal-directed emotional regulation, which the employees need to do all kinds of emotional management to themselves and others, in order to accomplish the demands of their role at work. Generally, emotional labor occurs in jobs that mainly deal with interpersonal interaction, and the level of emotional labor of clinical nurses is high.
According to the resource of conservation theory and other empirical studies, this study emphasized that emotional labor requires psychological effort. The investigator hypothesized that the effort which individual needs to make in order to accomplish the emotional demands at work will consume their inner resource, and results in job burnout. However, the sense of humor can bring positive resource to buffer the relationship between emotional labor and job burnout.
This study revised the emotional labor scale according to nowadays nursing situation, and divided it into three subscales: controlling negative emotions, expressing positive emotions, and handling others’ negative emotions. In the pilot study, the investigator tested the reliability and validity of the emotional labor scale from the sample of 138 clinical nurses of a medical center in Taipei. The participants of the latter study were 549 clinical nurses of a medical center in Taipei, and the investigator tried to explore the relationship between emotional labor, sense of humor, and job burnout.
The results are as follows: First, the emotional labor of clinical nurses is higher above average, and controlling negative emotions takes the most psychological effort, the next is handling others’ negative emotions, and the last is expressing positive emotions. Second, the sense of humor of clinical nurses is medium, in which the score of the attitude toward humor is the highest, the next is humor coping, and using humor in social context is the last. Third, the level of job burnout of clinical nurses is between moderate to severe, in which the emotional exhaustion is the most severe.
This study found that the nurses’ seniority, department, religion, and sense of humor will influence the level of emotional labor. The level of emotional labor of nurses who work for 7~11 years is significantly higher than nurses who work less than 3 years and more than 11 years. The level of emotional labor of nurses who work at emergency departments is higher than other departments. The sense of humor is negative related with expressing positive emotions and handling others’ negative emotions, and only the humor coping subscale is negative related with controlling negative emotions.
The overall emotional labor can positively predict job burnout, but different kinds of emotional labor have different predicting effect on different aspects of job burnout. In moderating effect, this study found that the sense of humor can’t buffer the relationship between emotional labor and job burnout, even using humor in social context and the attitude toward humor will strengthen the positive relationship between controlling negative emotions and diminishing personal accomplishment. Finally, the investigator discussed the findings and literature, and proposed some suggestions for nursing practice, nursing education and future studies.
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