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• Main Authors: Yung-Hsin Chang, 張詠欣
• Other Authors: Tsong-minn Lin
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2010
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72350556783694865764

碩士 === 東吳大學 === 德國文化學系 === 98 === Germany is the first country which has physical education subsumed under the official teaching programs; therefore, the history of physical education can be traced back to German history. Physical education, which has complete ideas and systems, is always highly valued in German regions. However, in the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), first held by The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in 2002, the overall performance of German high school students was not quite satisfying. The assessment result, which was not ideal at all, therefore attracted attention from the authorities concerned to begin examine the German education system. Even though this time physical education was not included in the assessment, discussion on the value of physical education was still aroused. The thesis begins with the introduction of how German history of physical education developed during modern times. Then the second part discusses the status quo of the PE classes in North Rhine-Westphalia. The principles of education in North Rhine-Westphalia is initially discussed, which is followed by the descriptions of situations of college preparation junior high schools (Gymnasium Level 1), college preparation senior high schools (Gymnasium Level 2), secondary schools (Realschule), general schoosl (Hauptschule), and high schools (Gesamtschule). The thesis eventually discusses the difficulties that physical education encounters, the solutions to the problems and the necessity of physical education as the overwhelming negative influence on teenagers during the process of environmental transition as well as the stimulation from the impact of PISA. Germany has a long history of physical education, with a whole system and great ideas, and thus affects many countries and is worth studying. Furthermore, the present situation of physical education in North Rhine-Westphalia offers us not only clear objectives and perspectives but sound principles and content. Ultimately, it should be realized that school physical education has made a major contribution to the individual’s lifelong health that it is not supposed to be neglected.