Study of Fire and Evacuation Simulation for a High-Rise Building

• Main Authors: Jhih-Huei Huang, 黃治惠
• Other Authors: Yet-Pole I
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2010
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89258604243302722718

碩士 === 雲林科技大學 === 環境與安全工程系碩士班 === 98 === If there have a fire accident in the building, because of their Construction, the Situation often had to rely on the fire service inside building, so the potential danger of high-rise building had large than another buildings. When disasters occur, people can evacuation immediately or extinguish the fire, it would be significantly reduce the casualties or property losses. This research tried to use the Simulator-FDS+EVAC, which can simulate Fire disaster and evacuation, developed by the National Bureau of Standards (NIST) and the VTT Technical Research Centre Finland, to execute the simulation of the fire hazard analysis and personnel evacuation simulation. By FDS dynamic simulation, It can easily let the researchers to understand the impact of fire, high temperature caused by the flame, and the change of the fire scene. The simulator of FDS has been developed by many validation and affirmation, but the function of evacuation is still to be assessed. Simulation results show that the fire has large spread of the scene, in the most serious situation. When flashover occurred, the flames have covered the whole floor, and the scene has full of smoke. Therefore, if people can’t escape before flashover, they must die probably without doubt. But when we set the Sprinklers in the scene, the Maximum flow temperature of the simulation Almost close to room temperature, except the area near the fire source which color range was Between 27℃ ~ 427℃. So we can inferred the Sprinklers can be effectively controlled the fire scene. From the cases, we found that after flashover, there would be generated a lot of smoke and it will Flows in the staircase. In this moment, People can’t use staircase to escape. When people use staircase to escape, It should be more careful of the flashover. Through the risk analysis, we can know the personal risk value in staircase is higher than 1.19 × 10-5 (person / year), and the highest part of personnel risk is in the landing of staircase. In domestic buildings, the compartment door between the staircase and corridor, usually be set the often closed fire door, but it always be opened in order to ventilation. Thence, we can recommend to set fire doors with often opened, instead of use the regular closed fire door, to reduce the risk of stairscase.