| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立金門大學 === 中國大陸研究所 === 99 === ABSTRACT
This is a research with emphasis on the Long March. After the Fifth Anti-Encirclement Campaign, the CPC Central Committee realize there was a possibility of being completely annihilated if they insist on defending the Soviet Republic. Therefore, decision for a two-year retreat was made, which the CPC termed it "The 12,500-Kilometer Long March", whereas the KMT called it "The 12,500-Kilometer Flee. "During the Long March, CPC Central Committee first relocated from Ruijin to Bau'an, and then shifted to Yan'an after the Xi'an Incident. During this period, the CPC went through a great status and characteristic change, and transformed into a completely different organization not only in political, but also in historical aspect. To the first generation of CPC leaders, the Long March was a great turning point in the party history; even to the current generation of leaders,it is still being honored as a spiritual doctrine. Therefore, the current economical modernization, political reform, as well as the struggle to re-establish historical status of China are referred to as "The New Long March".
During the ending of the first KMT-CPC cooperation in 1927,to their second anti-Japanese cooperation in 1937, the Long March was an important incident to both the ten-year history of the Chinese Civil War and the KMT-CPC relations before 1949. For the KMT, it helped link two important strategies together: to maintain internal security first and then repel foreign invasion, and unified war of resistance against Japan For For the CPC, it was viewed as a bridge between Ruijin regime and Yan'an regime. Without it, the CPC would have been completely eliminated. And wIthout CPC, there would have not been today's China. To both Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong, it was also a period when both of them established irreplaceable, total leadership.
Causes for CPC-KMT conflict may be numerous. But right before the Long March, the main tactic of the CPC's resistance was using land reform to mobilize all resources in the Soviet Republic. But even by doing this, CPC still failed to repel KMT's military pressure. forcing them to take a tactic shift. Power struggle for control between fractions was also constant during the Long March. But when Mao Zedong assumed power after the CPC Central Committee settled in Northern Shaanxi, situation finally began to stabilize. On top of that, there was also the eventual arrival of all three main forces which had participated in the Long March. Since the Long March helped to preserve party officials who gained experience by governing the Soviet Republic, the CPC was able to effectively operate the National United Front, enabling them to gain base areas within Japanese occupied territories, which were far more greater in size than the Soviet Republic.
In this research, the Long March of the CPC Central Committee will be broken down to the following phrases:
• The four Encirclement Campaigns against the Soviet Republic,
• The Fifth Encirclement Campaign,
• Plans for strategic shift,
• Breaking through four blockade formed by Hunan, Guangxi military forces.
• Tongdao Conference after the Battle of Xiang River,
• Liping Conference,
• Houchang Conference,
• Zunyi Conference,
• Zhaxi Conference,
• Goba Conference,
• Huili Conference,
• Forming of power structure with Mao Zedong as supreme leader,
• Comparing and analyzing routes of four Chishui River Crossing and Zunyi Conference
• Lianghekou Conference after relocating to western Sichuan,
• Luhua Conference,
• Shawo Conference,
• Maoergai Conference,
• Baxi Conference,
• Merging of Red First Front Army and Fourth Front Army after Ejie Conference,
• Mao Zedong and the Central Committee entering Shanxi-Gansu Soviet Area
• Process of developing Soviet Area in northern Shanxi with local Red Army.
• Merging of Second Front Army and Fourth Front Army after Zhang Guotao was driven form Sichuan.
• Interaction with Central Red Army after Second Front Army and Fourth Front Army moving north.
All phrases will be examined by using military performance as well as political policies as guidelines, whereas the thesis will be presented in the form of historical narration.
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