Research on Yi-shi Shian-guan in Han Dynasty

• Main Authors: Wen-Yi Hu, 胡文懿
• Other Authors: 吳昌廉
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2011
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44465869792055316100

碩士 === 中興大學 === 歷史學系所 === 99 === According to the Book of Han “In the winter of Yusnshou 4th tear, about 725,000 poor citizens in Kuandong were moved to Longxi, Beidi, Xihe and Kuaiji. Xian Guan tried to motivate economics…,” Though “Xianguan tried to motivate economics” seemed an simple sentence, it’s actually meaningful in finance and administration in Han dynasty. “Yi Shi Xian Guan”, according the words, can be explained as Xian Guan is the people who provide fabric, food or some other subsidies. Before talking about the functions of Xian Guan, however, it should be defined. In Han dynasty, Xian Guan is a general word stands for country, government or the emperor, so we can say “Yi Shi Xian Guan” means the country or government provides fabrics, food or other subsidies to people. Due to there were many events which were about “Yi Shi Xian Guan” but not named as it, it’s hard to define what is the main job for a Xian Guan and who the Xian Guan provided the subsidies to. Thus, the examples in this essay are all chosen from the historic records, and both the contents and names are contained “Yi Shi Xian Guan”. In historic records, “Yi Shi Xian Guan” and other similar words usually appear in military or aiding aspect. In military, all the spends of garrison were from the government. Because of disasters, rescue was highly developed, and the government donated a lot in “Huang Zheng” which means all the aid and rescue policies the governors choose. The victims of disasters may become thieves or robbers because of the bad life conditions, and further, it may destroy a country. To avoid this worst situation, the government has to offer the basic standard care. For some political and economical considers, the Han dynasty had transferred many times. For instance, the governor moved the victims of disasters to safe places; moved rich men to Lin Xian for some political reasons. However, people would be angry if the government forced them to move. Thus, the government usually offer some benefits to increase their will to follow the policies. Tax is the mainly income to Xian Guan. Compare with other general taxes, “Ru Su” is a kind of specialized taxes which only start in some special or emergent situations, and really helpful in aids and country income. As an exchange condition, people can get government positions if they give enough grains to government. Through this way, the country becomes an ideal country as Chao Zuo had announces: government gets enough grains, rich men get government positions, and agriculturists get money. This essay involves finance, society and administration system. It can be the foundation of other related researches about “Yi Shi Xian Guan”.