| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立嘉義大學 === 園藝學系研究所 === 99 === In this study, for high variation of fruit in longan, 'Fenke' of main cultivar in Taiwan, 'Shuigong' of big fruit, 'Wuyueyan' and 'Hongkezaosheng' of early cultivar, 'Qingke' and 'Hongke' of small seed, and 'Congzai' and abroad-introduced cultivar 'Bai Dum' and 'Sak Ip' were investigated. The result showed that change of fruit weight or volume in 'Bai Dum' was a sigmoid curve. The fruit of 'Bai Dum' developed slowly from the day of pistillate blooming to 49 days after pistillate blooming (DAPB), and after that was fast development of fruit. The intersection of slow development to fast development of fruit was 45.5 ± 4.2 DAPB for nine cultivars of longan. Fruits of 'Sak Ip', 'Fenke', 'Qingke', 'Congzai', 'Shuigong', 'Hongkezaosheng', 'Hongke' and 'Wuyueyan' were developed slowly at first, then developed fast at that intersection of fruit development. While total soluble solids in aril reached the maximum for each cultivar of longan, the fruit weight and volume of the highest cultivar 'Shuigong' (132 DAPB) were 14.1 ± 1.4 g and 12.8 ± 1.4 cm3, respectively. The fruit densities of nine cultivars were affected by density-changed peel, aril and seed. Fruit shape indexes of all were decreased with fruit development, and the fruit shape index was about 1 when the total soluble solids in aril reached the maximum. The fruit shape indexes of 'Hongke' and 'Wuyueyan' were 1.00 ± 0.02 (120 DAPB) and 1.00 ± 0.04 (141 DAPB), respectively. And, the decreased total soluble solids of aril at early development might be affected by embryo and seed abortion in these cultivars. Finally, 'Fenke', 'Qingke', and 'Congzai' could be harvested while percentage of aril weight reached 53.1 %; and 'Bai Dum', 'Sak Ip', 'Shuigong', 'Hongkezaosheng', 'Hongke' and 'Wuyueyan' could be harvested while percentage of aril weight reached 60.3 %.
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