Biomarkers for Selecting Elite Athletes

• Main Authors: Li Ling Chiu, 邱麗玲
• Other Authors: J. K. Chen
• Format: Others
• Published: 2012
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68050183582376869789

博士 === 長庚大學 === 生物醫學研究所 === 100 === Studies on the associations between genetic polymorphisms and athletic performance are significantly increasing in recent two decades;however, the findings were inconsistent. These unexpected phenomena might attribute to the characteristics of subjects(sprint/power or endurance; elite or non-elite) studied were quite different. This study was carried out to evaluate the relationships between ACE I/D (rs1799752),ACTN3 R577X (rs1815739) and PPARD T294C (rs2016520)polymorphisms and athletic/physical performance in 460 international level athletes, 168 elite sprint swimmers, 603 subjects selected from general population, 88 non-athletes (33 adult and 50 pre-adolescent males)who completed 12-weeks of swimming training and 410 sedentary high school students. The genotypes were determined using modified polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. The main results were: (1) the frequencies of ACE II and ACTN3 XX genotypes were lower in elite athletes than in general population. (2)The frequencies of the ACE I、ACTN3 R and PPARD T alleles were higher in international sprint swimmers than in national sprint swimmers or in the general population. (3) Pre-adolescents with the ACTN3 RR genotype had the best performance both before and after training. However, Pre-adolescents with the ACE II and ACTN3 XX genotype showed a greater improvement in 25-meter swimming performance after 12-week training. Most importantly, training is the major contributing factor for enhancing swimming performance regardless of genetic background. (4) Sedentary high school female students with ACE DD, ACTN3 RR and PPARD TT genotype had significantly greater performance in handgrip strength. In addition, it is also interesting to note that the subject with the best handgrip strength performance did not belong to the ACE DD、ACTN3 RR and PPARD TT ‘‘optimal’’ power genotype group. In summary, sprint/power and endurance performance are determined by multiple genetic traits and ACTN3 R577X polymorphism was significantly associated with athletic/physical performance. ACE I, ACTN3 R and PPARD T alleles may benefit for swimming performance; while, ACE D, ACTN3 R and PPARD T alleles for the performance of strength type sports.