Dynamic Reservation Pricing Models for Off-street Parking Facilities Under a Duopoly Market

• Main Authors: Chen, Chung-Kuang, 陳重光
• Other Authors: Chiou, Yu-Chiun
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2012
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66036078681200127678

碩士 === 國立交通大學 === 交通運輸研究所 === 100 === With limited parking space and inflexible pricing policy, the parking demand in the central business district has not been well-managed. Many parking needs willing to pay higher fee are rejected for parking due to no empty parking lots left. Thus, how to effectively manage parking demand and to generate even more parking revenue through dynamic reservation pricing is important. Additionally, since in the parking market, there is usually more than one parking facility in the central business district, the pricing policy of a park facility should consider that of other neighboring parking facilities. Based on this, this study proposes dynamic reservation pricing models for off-street parking facilities based on dynamic programming, stochastic processes and logit choice model under demand uncertainties. The proposed model aims to maximize total parking revenue by dynamically determining the reservation price according to customers arrival rate, available parking lots, elapsed time for parking, and willingness to pay of drivers. Unlike traditional seat reservation models of other transportation systems, such as airline, railway and intercity bus services, parking demand is defined by various parking durations during the reservation period, resulting in the complexity of the model derivation and solving. Two types of markets are under consideration: monopoly and duopoly. To simplify the model, the one-hour model is developed and applied. This model assumes that all drivers are homogenous with the same parking duration of one hour. Users with more than one-hour parking demand would be view and solved separately (i.e. each of parking hours may have different parking fees). As a result, during a one-hour period, one user can be satisfied with one parking space, and this can further divide the parking space reservation into independent parking space reservation according to different time period. As for the duopoly market model, this model assumes that users choose the parking lots according to their charges, the walking time, and the time required for queuing. To derive the optimal dynamic reservation price, non-homogeneous Poisson process combining by Poisson arrival rate and Weibull distributed willing-to-pay price are also assumed. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model, a case study on a numerical example is conducted. The analytical results show that the optimal dynamic reservation price increases as time elapses and the number of remaining parking lots decreases. The reservation price in the duopoly market decreases due to the competition.