Influences of Firework Displays on Ambient Air Quality–Penghu Islands Fireworks Festival as an Example

• Main Authors: Yu-ming Wang, 王鈺銘
• Other Authors: Chang-Gai Lee
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2012
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01041260788245857371

碩士 === 大仁科技大學 === 環境管理研究所 === 100 === This study investigated the influences of firework display on ambient gaseous pollutants and particulate matter, which includes size distribution (PM1、PM2.5 and PM10), mass concentration and physicochemical properties during Penghu Islands Fireworks Festival. Both the inorganic gaseous pollutants (NO、NO2、SO2、CO、O3) and organic gaseous pollutants (THC、NMHC) were simultaneously measured. Field measurement of those pollutants was conducted on May 1-3, 2009 during Fireworks Festival on Penghu Islands. Moreover, metallic elements were analyzed with an inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). Ionic species and carbonaceous contents in the PM samples were analyzed with an ion chromatography (IC) and an elemental analyzer (EA), respectively. Finally, the source identification and apportionment of PM were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and enrichment factor (EF). This study revealed that the concentration peaks of aerosols from the fireworks were found mainly in PM1 and PM2.5. The highest ratio of PM1 to PM10 concentration during firework display was 0.65. Several metallic elements of PM during the firework display period were obviously higher than those during the non-firework periods. The concentrations of K, Mg, Sr, Cu and Al in PM2.5 were 5 times higher than those during non-firework periods on May 2. Besides, the Cl-/Na+ ratio was close to 1.5 during the non-firework periods because of the surrounding of sea water on Penghu Islands. However, the ratio was increased to 2.1 during the firework display period due to more Cl- came from chlorine content in firework aerosols. Furthermore, OC/EC ratio was also significantly increased to 2.6. Therefore, the increasing ratios of Cl-/Na + and OC/EC could be regarded as two important indicators of pollution caused by firework display. The concentration peaks of NO, NO2, O3, CO were observed during the firework periods for inorganic gaseous pollutants, and the peak concentration of NOx was approximately 2 times higher than those during non-firework periods. Even at nighttime, the ambient O3 could be reduced dramatically during the firework period, while NO2 concentration increased concurrently. This is a so-called titration effect occurred for atmospheric O3, resulting from the prompt reaction of NO with O3 to form NO2 and O2. For organic gaseous pollutants, the concentration peak of NMHC during firework period was found to be 4.6 times higher than those background concentrations. Nevertheless, the concentration of methane remained almost the same. Finally, the enrichment factor analysis (EF) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to estimate the major indicator species and to distinguish the major source types of firework pollution, respectively. The analysis of enrichment factor showed that the firework aerosol contained a higher proportion of K, Mg, Pb, Ba, which could be used as reference elements to identify the characteristics of fireworks emission. On the other hand, the PCA results showed that there were some other contribution sources for firework aerosol, such as mobile vehicles and ships (transportation source), sea water, industrial boiler source and secondary aerosol (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3, in addition to the major source of firework display.