The Research of the Three Partitions of Poland in the 18th Century.

• Main Authors: Yuan-Chun Li, 李元淳
• Other Authors: Chin-mo Cheng
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2012
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99270957190987235520

碩士 === 淡江大學 === 歐洲研究所碩士班 === 100 === The Kingdom of Poland was one of the most powerful countries in the central eastern Europe. After they consolidate with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1569 via the Union of Lublin, they are in the zenith. However, after the Union of Lublin, it declined In the middle of 17th century, the commonwealth became weak, and in the 18th century, the commonwealth became a place where other foreign powers fought against each other. Finally, the three partitions in the late 18th century made Poland disappear from the map of Europe. There are many reasons why Poland was perished. Nobles’ democracy gave the nobles privilege on everything; Free election made the foreign power invade and interfere the domestic affairs of Poland; Liberum veto allowed any member of the Sejm to force an immediate end to the current session and nullify any legislation that had already been passed at the session by shouting: “I do not allow!”. Besides, economic, religion, race and war were all reasons. In 1772, the first partition of Poland was made by Russia, Prussia, and Austria. After the first partition, there are some short-term renovations such as four-year Sejm and the constitution of 3 May. However, Russia and Prussia made the second partition in 1793. In 1795 the three countries made it again，Poland was perished.