| Summary: | 碩士 === 大葉大學 === 管理學院碩士在職專班 === 101 === This paper seeks to advance research on voice behavior by integrating target of social loafing, group cohesion , social well-being, and the history of target of social loafing research to develop a multi-level model. We test the model using hierarchical linear modeling （HLM) with data obtained from a sample of 354 manager – employee dyads working in 46 teams. At the individual level, social well-being was found to be a mediator among target of social loafing and acquiescent/defensive voice behavior. Moreover, the relationship between target of social loafing and social well-being was moderated by history of target of social loafing. At the group level, social well-being was found to be a mediator among group cohesion and three types of voice behaviors. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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