Ａ Comparative Study of Two Kinds of “Ksitigarbha-sutra”

• Main Authors: Kuan-Chen Chen (Chien-Yuan Shih), 陳冠甄（釋堅元）
• Other Authors: Chuan-Chu Chen
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2013
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hwhak6

碩士 === 華梵大學 === 東方人文思想研究所 === 101 === Abstract According to the research of the Japanese scholar Yabuki Keiki, it was found that the “kSitigarbha (Earth Store) Faith” originated in the (Prthivi) in the "Rig Veda" in India, that is, "Earth anthropomorphic" godhead, which is also the Earth God (held to God) in the esoteric tradition, which later developed to be the integration of the two, the Earth God and the “kSitigarbha - Earth Store” faith. It is because this symbolises that it does not separate from the virtues of the “Earth”. This development process of its origin will be discussed in detail in this thesis. However, the origin of “Earth Store - kSitigarbha” faith in China started from the Six Dynasties period, but it really gained momentum in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the process will also be discussed below. The "Shilun Sutra" is the earliest Scriptural basis of the “Earth Store - kSitigarbha” faith. The Sanskrit scripture has long lost, the old and new versions of existing Chinese translations are different, the older version is called "Dafangguang Shilun Jing " (kSitigarbha-sUtra), which was translated in Northern Liang period (A.D.397-A.D.439) the translator is unknown, there are eight volumes with fifteen fascicles; in addition, the new translation of the Venerable master Xuanzang from the Tang Dynasty (A.D.602-A.D.664) in the second year of Reign of YongWei (A.D.651) was re-translated and renamed "Dasheng Daji Dizang Shilun Jing" (Mahayana Daza-cakra-kSiti-garbha -sUtra), a total of ten volumes of eight full text fascicles. It was emphasised in the “ShiLun Jing”, that “This is teachings of the degenerative period” and it is the vow of the “Earth Store - KSitigarbha” Bodhisattva that he will teach and liberate the sentient beings from all the six realms in the “Evil Time of Five Turbidities” until the birth of the Maitreya Buddha, this period is called "Dharma Ending Age", it also means that it is the “Bodhisattva’s era”. From the beginning of " the Northern and Southern Periods", the concept of the “the degenerative age” have been strongly advocated by senior monks, such as the Venerable Master Huisi from the North Qi Period (A.D.515-A.D.577) in <Establishment of the vows>, the first to propose the triple contemplation of the three times - Right Dharma time, Manifestation Dharma time, the Dharma Ending time, coupled with Emperor Taiwu from the Northern Wei Dynasty (A.D.446) and the Reign of Jiande three years (A.D.574) in the North Zhou Period, twice encountered the impact of the difficulty of the destruction of Buddhism, the concept of the Dharma Ending Age was widely spread, and the interpretation of "Shilun Jing" not only allows The KSitigarbha Bodhisattva to affirm his liberating role of the degenerate salvation, but gradually developed into an object of the general belief of the common people. This thesis will discuss the impact of the interpretation of the "Shilun Jing " on the faith of “KSitigarbha” in China. With the author’s study on "Shilun Jing", besides discovering the order of the fascicles is different in the two versions, in addition to the number of volumes in the different versions, the translation and interpretation in the long text and mantras, the wording, the numerals are also all different. Moreover, there are also differences in the description of the verses of the statements, and so the image of the incarnations vary, therefore, the translations from both the old and the new version of "Shilun Jing" are compared to investigate and explore whether the verses exist in the "Old versions, but not in the new translation; or exist in the new translation, and not the old translation" and try to explain these differences.