| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺北教育大學 === 特殊教育學系碩士班 === 101 === The purpose of the present study is to explore the behavioral differences among children with autism spectrum disorders, children with development delays, and children with typical development whose mental age is under 24 months, in terms of social ability, speech ability, and symbolic ability. Behavior sample through Wetherby & Prizant's Communication & Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile (abbreviated as CSBS DP, 2002) is utilized to assess children's behavioral patterns.
The participants of the study were divided into three groups: 15 children with autism spectrum disorders whose average physical age is 45.1 months and average mental age 18.1, 15 children with developmental delays whose average physical age is 29.5 months and average mental age 17.3, and 15 children with typical development whose average physical age is 17.7 months and average mental age 18.6. The process of behavior sampling based on CSBS DP was videotaped and then rated accordingly. Raw scores and standard scores were analyzed through descriptive statistics and one-way MANOVA. The results are summarized as follows:
I. In terms of social ability, children with typical development excel at gaze shift, shared positive affect, and gaze/point following, compared with children with autism spectrum disorders. However, the difference between children with developmental delays and children with autism spectrum disorders regarding communication does not reach statistical significance. Children with typical development are better at rate of communication, social interaction, and joint attention than children with autism spectrum disorders. Children with developmental delays are more skilled in social interaction and joint attention than children with autism spectrum disorders as well. Children with typical development show better skills in inventory of conventional gesture and distal gesture, compared with children with autism spectrum disorders, but the difference between children with developmental delays and children with autism spectrum disorders in this aspect is not statistically significant.
II In terms of speech, the performance of children with typical development, children with autism spectrum disorders, and children with developmental delays do not have statistically significant differences.
III. In terms of symbolic ability, children with typical development have better overall symbolic ability than children with autism spectrum disorders. Children with developmental delays are more skilled at inventory of schemes than children with autism spectrum disorders, and the difference has statistical significance. Finally, the performance of children with typical development in sequence action schemes is statistically significantly better than that of children with autism spectrum disorders.
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