| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺灣大學 === 流行病學與預防醫學研究所 === 101 === Background
Diet has been closely associated with osteoporosis. Few studies have explored the associated between dietary pattern and bone mineral density (BMD) and results were
inconsistent. It is well known that menopausal status has a great impact on BMD, however, no study include both pre- and postmenopausal women and compare how menopausal status affect the association between dietary pattern and BMD. Meanwhile, it is unclear how some risk or protective factors modify the association above.
Material and Methods
This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 1,567 women aged 40 to 55 were recruited from MJ Health Management Institution in Taipei, Taiwan (2009-2010).Bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2) was measured at lumbar spine by using
dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Based on a 25-question semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, factor analysis was performed to identify dietary patterns that
can well explain the variation of BMD. Factor score of each food item was tertiled (high, medium, low) to explore the association between factor score and BMD. In addition, stratified analyses were performed to explore how menopausal status, other risk or protective factors affect the association between dietary patterns and BMD.
Results
Medium “vegetables and fruits” pattern protects against low BMD in women [adjusted OR (AOR) = 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.46-0.94]. After stratification, the association above remains significant among premenopausal women (AOR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.39-0.86), women with normal BMI (18.5 to < 24 kg/m2:AOR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.41-0.93), women who are non-drinkers (AOR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.44-0.92), never-smokers (AOR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.47-0.97) or lack of regular exercise (< 30 minutes/time and < 3 days/week, AOR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.26-0.71). In contrast, medium “salted pickles and instant noodles” pattern is associated with low BMD among smoking women (AOR = 8.74, 95% CI = 1.43-53.43).
Conclusions
Medium “vegetables and fruits pattern” protects against low BMD. This association remains in premenopausal women, women with normal BMI, or women who are non-drinkers, never smokers, or lack of regular exercise. In contrast, medium
“salted pickles and instant noodles” pattern is associated with low BMD among smoking women.
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