Carbon Reduction Evaluation for Residential Smart Meter

• Main Authors: Yi-Feng Hsieh, 謝宜峰
• Other Authors: Hsien-Lun Hu
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2013
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/646s4x

碩士 === 國立臺北科技大學 === 環境工程與管理研究所 === 101 === After the industrial revolution, production of electricity by using fossil fuels results in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration raise. The increase of the greenhouse effect causes the more intense extreme weather. Greenhouse gas emission in power sector is the most significant in a country''s total emissions. Since Kyoto Protocol signed, carbon reduction in power sector has become a very important issue. Smart Grid integrating renewable energy and load management will be a powerful tool to reduce carbon emission in power sector in the future. Smart meter is an important element in smart grid, which provides two-way information delivery capabilities so that the utilities have the ability to understand the user''s behavior. In addition, smart meter also can provide price information to consumers. With time-varying price, smart meter can drop peak load and reduce energy use, hence reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, a hypothesized home appliances schedule is established. The schedule includes start-up time, the duration of using a specific appliance, and tolerant start-up time (either delay or ahead) for using that specific appliance. Home user with smart meter can adjust start-up time of appliances for lowing electricity bills. According to the degree of reduced bill, four scenarios are proposed; they are low electricity bills, lower electricity bill, very low electricity bills, and lowest electricity bills. Greenhouse gas emissions of these four scenarios are then calculated and compared with the base scenario, which is no schedule changed. The results show that greenhouse gas emissions in lower electricity bill, very low electricity bills, and lowest electricity bills scenarios are less than the base scenario. Emissions of above scenarios are -0.00009 Kg CO2e, -0.00004 Kg CO2e and -0.00015 Kg CO2e, and their reduced percentages are -0.0009%, -0.00035, and -0.00146%, respectively. The results show that smart meter can help the residents to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The results also indicate that users may shift their operating time from high electricity price to periods of lower electricity price. Load shift and rebound effect are also observed in load curve.