| Summary: | 碩士 === 中華科技大學 === 土木防災工程研究所在職專班 === 102 === Fire is one of the most serious disasters to human beings. In the cities, most fires were in association with the buildings. Because of land utilization and outlook prettification, large-scale buildings or skyscrapers are inevitable during development process in modern cities to prove their modernization. Due to the complicated structures and large capacity in huge buildings and skyscrapers, when there’s a fire, it usually will bring grave damages and heavy casualties due to the length of evacuation time, as well as the panics and helplessness toward victims. According to fire investigations and experiences, the causes of fires to buildings usually are ignored due to human negligence and old equipment. However, In terms of how to evaluate and control factors in preventing the fire accidents is still not crystallized.
This research mainly focuses on contemporary buildings’ fire damage situation and evacuation strategy. The research methods are based on literature review and questionnaire to generate an evaluation module to figure out the potential factors in fire accidents, and provide the strategies and suggestions for emergency evacuations.
The results show that in terms of buildings’ fire evacuation strategies, the factor of building construction has the highest weight, which is at 0.5013, followed by the fire evacuation ability with a weight of 0.3803, and finally the fire rescue ability is at 0.1185. It reveals that the fire evacuation is subjected to the buildings itself, which include the building materials with a weight of 0.2625; electrical equipment with a weight of 0.1525; floor structures with a weight of 0.0863, and so on. Therefore, we should reinforce the development of building materials, and carefully choose the fire resistance house. The higher buildings should secure with smoke door and fire door, also with the devices to exhaust the smokes.
The vital causes of fires to buildings usually are ignored due to human negligence and old equipment. This research is conducted on the basis of fire-related literatures, and the tally sheet retrieved from the questionnaires. It shows that when there was a fire, the victims only had very short time to react. Furthermore, the evacuation routes changed a lot due to real-time fire circumstances, and the existing evacuation plans only inform people the closest evacuation route instead of settling a comprehensive on-the-spot rescue system. In view of that, in practice, the victims can only rely on their reactions to survive from the fires.
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