| Summary: | 博士 === 國立政治大學 === 哲學系 === 102 === Concern and with intent to solve life issues related to individuals like you and me is the start of this dissertation. Research into modern approaches and construct an explaining structure is its aim. There are two main questions included in the process of research. One is the question “individuals like you and me belong to which kind of entity” (question “what am I ?”), the other is “how and what is involved in an individual continued existence over time”. Clarification of the metaphysical nature of self is connected to understanding of one’s egoistic concern. Therefore, which identity criterion can connect a past one and a future one as a ‘same individual’ is the core through this dissertation. There have two approaches focus on this discussion: the Psychological Approach and the Biological Approach. How to construct a self as a meaningful life as a whole, then rationally respond to life issues are taken as the test basis. A reasonable explaining structure that makes life as a whole is derived from research to two approaches.
Actual life issues are verified touchstone of explaining structure. Take “prenatal genetic intervention (PGI)” and “advance directive (AD)” as examples and discuss them constitute the second half of this dissertation. Whether identity arguments based on moral reasons or precedent autonomy can be responded and reasonable explained, whether it also provide basis for interpretation of morality of PGI, authority of AD, and patient’s best interests are taken as verified standards of rationality of explaining structure.
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