The “Gold and Silver Policies of 1930s” in United States—On the Base of Silver Purchase Act of 1934 (1932-1939)

• Main Authors: Jennifer Yu Shen, 沈瑜
• Other Authors: Lai, Cheng Chung
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/295cw4

碩士 === 國立政治大學 === 歷史研究所 === 102 === This research discusses the “Gold and Silver Policies of 1930s” in United States, and the effect by these policies. Gold and Silver Policies of 1930s were a series of monetary policies from Hoover President to Roosevelt President. These policies tried to rescue the market which destroyed by the Depression, and also reformed the financial system. So the government carried out the Quantitative Easing Monetary Policy by increasing paper notes supplies, reducing the reserve back of the paper notes, for raising commodity price. This research analysises some acts or actions by the government in the following: Glass- Steagall Act, Emergency Banking Act, “Suspend Gold Clause Act,” Nationalize of Gold and Silver, Thomas Amendment to Agricultural Adjustment Act, The World Monetary and Economic Conference, Silver Agreement, Purchasing Gold, Gold Reserve Act, Silver Purchase Act of 1934, Tripartite Monetary Agreement, and Gold Sterilizations. This research tries to figure out whether the Unied States was forward to Fiduciary Standard after these polices be carried out or not. This research hopes to use the amount of currency in circulation to prove whether the “Gold and Silver Policies of 1930s” effected currency in circulation or not. This research tries to prove it by 8 legal tenders: gold and silver coin, gold and silver certificates, United States notes, Federal Reserve notes, Federal Reserve Bank notes and National Bank notes. Though Gold and Silver Policies of 1930s were not the only reason affected the amount of currency in circulation, but maybe they can give some information about the development of the currency. This research focuses on discussing Silver Purchase Act of 1934. This act is very important, it can be refer to the silver production, silver commodity and currency, silver and gold, gold and Dollar, Dollar and standard relationship. This act could be trace back to the silver industry could not live by Depression, so the senators wanted the government to purchase silver to silver producers. In Silver Purchase Act of 1934, it made a rule to purchase silver, mint silver coins, issue silver certificates, raise silver prices. It also set up the purpose of purchasing silver, the price of silver and seigniorage. This act affected domestic situation and foreign countries.