| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中興大學 === 土壤環境科學系所 === 102 === Clay minerals were important mineral materials that widely used in medicine, geology, agriculture, construction, engineering and process industries, and montmorillonite and kaolinite were mostly used, and less used for palygorskite belonging to fibrous layer silicates. We investigated the layer crystal structure and functional groups of two commercial palygorskites, america palygorskite and spain sepiolite by XRD and FTIR. Furthermore, we produced biological fertilizer using the mixture of commercial palygorskite and actinomycetes to apply the pot culture of leaf vegetables (bok choy and chinese white cabbage) and high economic crop (Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata). The results indicated that diffractive peaks of two commercial palygorskite were 10.57 A, 5.44 A, 4.49 A and 3.64 A which was similar to america palygorskite''s diffractive peaks (10.51 A, 5.44 A, 4.46 A and 3.57 A). However, the diffractive peaks of spain sepiolite were 12.08 A, 6.71 A, 5.00 A and 3.73 A that were obviously different from three palygorskites. Palygorskite and sepiolite were fibrous layer silicates, but the octahedra numbers of octahedral sheet of palygorskite was different from sepiolitet. The results also showed two commercial palygorskite had higher purity because the main diffractive peak (10.51 A) was same as PFl-1 (10.5 A) (The Clay Minerals Society''s source clay), and the diffractive peak (10.51 A) was (110) crystal face of palygorskite. Pattern of FTIR method also showed same results as XRD method. Furthermore, commercial palygorskite had much lower cost than PFl-1 and america palygorskite. In pot experiments, the fresh weight of leaf vegetable increased with biological fertilizer treatments. Bok choy with Pa2-CGM-AM1S treatment and chinese white cabbage with Pa2-CGM-AM1S treatment had highest fresh weight. Nevertheless, the fresh weight of high economic crop (Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata) had no significant difference with or without mineral materials treatments. In future, cheaper commercial palygorskite had great potential to develop biological fertilizers of bacterial powder drug.
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