| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中央大學 === 歷史研究所在職專班 === 102 === A Research on the Armed Forces of the Nationalist Government military defeated in the Chinese Civil War
Abstract
Soon after the Second Sino-Japanese War, the military conflict between the Republic of China led by Kuomintang and the communist People’s Liberation Army broke out because of struggling for Japanese occupied areas; and, both the U.S. and the Soviet Union were also involved in the Chinese Civil War. After World War II, the United States, in order to keep China stabilized and to urge the birth of a unified government, sent George C. Marshall to China for the negotiation. Because of being unfamiliar with Chinese politics, Marshall failed to achieve his mission of curb on the military conflict between the two parties during his one-year stay in China. Furthermore, with the purpose of absorbing the interest of politic and economy from the Northeast regions of China, the Soviet Union started to foster the Communist Party of China so as to put pressure on the Nationalist Government. However, due to the foreign policy of the Nationalist Government had a tendency toward the United States, the tendency which made the Soviet Union turn to support the Communist Party of China.
When Marshall returning to the United States in January 1947, the full-scale civil war between the Republic of China and the communist People’s Liberation Army bursted out. In Shandong battlefield, the KMT troops were in full rout especially in the critical Menglianggu Campaign, where its elite troops were completely annihilated and resulted in the communist victory. Due to political consideration, KMT’s elite armed forces deployed in three cities of the Northeast region were failed to withdraw and were wholly destroyed in the Liaoshen Campaign. In Battle of Xu-Beng, the Nationalist Government deployed more armies in the north of the Yangtze River; yet, the People’s Liberation Army executed a tactic of “surround a point and attact other reinforcements”, which effectively routed KMT’s armies; more than eight hundred thousands of troops of Nationalist Government were smashed in the Battle of Xu-Beng. With its overwhelming victory in the Battle of Xu-Beng, the communist People’s Liberation Army trooped over the Yangtze River to liberate the whole nation.
Why the Armed Forces of the Nationalist Government were totally defeated in such a short time? The key factor was its strategy which was so called “the-Northeast-comes-first”. The deployment of KMT elite troops in the Northeast region of China not only made themselves defeated by People’s Liberation Army but also made their armed forces weaker in Central China and fails to counter back the Liberation Army. Conservative and passive tactics on military that only focused on cities put the Armed Forces of the Nationalist Government in disadvantaged situations; the failure of its tactics and strategies put the Nationalist’s armed forces a fatal situation in the Civil War and resulted in a withdrawal to Taiwan.
Keywords: the Chinese Civil War ,the Armed Forces of the Nationalist Government, military , the Nationalist Government , the Communist Party of China
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