| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中山大學 === 中國與亞太區域研究所 === 102 === Since the mid-1990, the environmental protests in China intensified and resulted in not only the expanding scale of protest activities but also the increasing frequency of arising demonstration, in addition, violence occurred alongside the protests. This study adopts the wide-noticed six “anti-PX protests” in China in the past five years as study cases, bringing deep analysis of the ways of response and the counter measures conducted by different government levels and various social groups toward the increasingly frequent environmental protests and investigating the determine factors for the successes and failures of the protests through the three-level analysis of central government, local government and environmental NGOs.
This study indicates that the successful rate depends on whether the protesters can win the support of central government. The timing of occurrence of the environmental protests is the determine factor of the interference of central government. If the protests occur in a sensitive moment which can lead to eliminating the legitimacy and political trust of the central government the support from central government is more likely to be seen. As for the counter measures to the environmental protests, local governments always stands in accordance with the central government, which is at first showing a relatively higher tolerance till violence occurs. Violence is usually put down by repression from local governments in order to maintain its authority. In contrary, the environmental NGOs that has been intervened and restricted by government for a long-term tend not to be involved in bottom-up self-helped environmental protests in order to avoid political risks and obtain the dependent autonomy.
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