| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺灣師範大學 === 人類發展與家庭學系 === 102 === We examined the family socioeconomic status on feeding patterns, nutrient intakes, growth development, motor development and health of infants. The data from three cohort studies were combined. Participants were recruited from Taipei Municipal Women’s and Children’s Hospital and National Taiwan University Hospital between from 2002 to 2009. The methodology adopted the questions asked in the three cohorts were identical. Information including nutrient intakes by 24 hours recalls, dietary history, development and health status was obtained by face-to-face and telephone interviews. We analyzed the dietary intakes from milk and complementary food, nutrient intakes, growth development and health of 399 infants from birth to two years. These participants were divided into three groups according to the family socioeconomic status: low socioeconomic status, adequate socioeconomic status, and high socioeconomic status. The software packages of SPSS 19.0 and STATA 8.0 were used for all statistical analyses.
The result indicated that the growth development (weight, length and head circumference) of infants from age 0 to 1 was dramatically fast, but was significantly smaller changes from age 1 to 2. The growth indicators (weight, length and head circumference) of infants between the three groups were not significantly different from age 0 to 2. The mean daily caloric intake of 2-year-old was 1094 Kcal. It’s lower than the DRIs (1150~ 1350Kcal). The average dietary intakes of protein, fat and carbohydrate were 37g, 31g and 167g, respectively, and the total energy was 14% from protein, 25% from fat, and 61% from carbohydrates. The average dietary intakes of protein is higher than the DRIs (20g). The nutrient intakes of infants between the three groups were not significantly different at age 2. We also found that multiple nutrient intakes was negatively associated with the duration of exclusive breastfeeding, but was positively associated with the duration of exclusive formula feeding.
At 6 th month, the rate of formula feeding with high socioeconomic group was significantly lowest (42%, p=0.03), and the rate of breastfeeding with high socioeconomic group was highest. The feeding methods of infants between the three groups were not significantly different at age 2. Many factors of family socioeconomic status were positively associated with the duration of exclusive breastfeeding, and were negatively associated with the duration of exclusive formula feeding. The duration of exclusive breastfeeding with high socioeconomic group was significantly highest (about 6 months).
The month of infants started consuming complementary food between the three groups were significantly different (p<0.01). The high socioeconomic group started consuming complementary food at 5.9th month, almost 6th month. We also found that many factors of family socioeconomic status were positively associated with the month of infants started consuming complementary food. Besides, the duration of exclusive breastfeeding was positively associated with the month of infants started consuming complementary food. Regarding the health status and motor development, the duration of breastfeeding showed a negative correlation with the age of motor development and the frequency of illness. The month of infants started consuming complementary food showed a positive correlation with the age of motor development and the frequency of illness.
The family socioeconomic status for infants from birth to two years of feeding patterns caused a strong influence, and in the two-year-old nutrient intakes did not show significant differences. It is showed in Taiwan today that different family socioeconomic status, their feeding situation may be different, but it does not make infant nutrition intake has significant differences. The nutrient intakes of infants between the three groups were not significantly different, and it made the same situation of the growth development.
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