| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺灣海洋大學 === 海洋事務與資源管理研究所 === 102 === Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been established over the world in order to maintain marine resources from over exploitation. All the good goals of MPAs can be achieved if management of MPAs is well organized. Sabang in Indonesia has two MPAs, Weh Island Marine Recreational Park (WMRP) and Weh Island Marine Protected Area (WMPA). The WMRP in Iboih Village is established by the Government of Indonesia and managed by the Natural Resources Conservation Agency, which operates under the Indonesian Ministry of Forestry. The other is WMPA in Anoi Itam and Ie Meulee village is managed by the Government of Sabang’s Marine Affairs and Fisheries Agency. This study aims to (1) review the laws, regulations, policies and customary laws of the MPAs management in Sabang; (2) balance between the national laws and customary laws; (3) identify and assess the factors that affect the successful management of MPAs; (4) formulate the strategies for development of MPAs. The study was conducted at two MPAs in January to September 2013. Researcher employed two instruments of research, interview and questionnaire. Some 185 respondents participated in this study. The results showed that there are 17 laws and regulations related the management implementation of WMRP and WMPA. Based on Fisheries Law No. 31, the management scheme has shifted from a top-down, centralized management regime to a bottom-up in Indonesia. And for WMRP, based on Law No 32, the Natural Resources Conservation Agency should involve local governments to manage WMRP. In both areas, laws becomes the basic for the establishment of MPAs, while the implementation in the field that applies is customary law, where communities employ a customary management system called Panglima laot, which literally translates to “Sea Commander”. There were different opinions on factors that influence on the successful management between two areas. In WMRP, participants considered that “support of all stakeholders’ awareness of the marine environment” is the most important. On the other hand, “improved understanding of benefits from MPAs” was factor that influence in WMPA. Improvement of cooperation and establishment of co-management with all stakeholders are two keystrategies of MPAs to achieve sustainable managementin both areas.
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