| Summary: | 碩士 === 東吳大學 === 歷史學系 === 102 === This master’s dissertation is to investigate the realtion between opium addiction and rehabilitation since Qing Dynasty till now and also review as modern medical point of view to investigate the methods and performance of drug rehabilitation at that time. The retrospective is divided into three perspectives to explore, the first perspective focus on the popular methods of opium rehabilitation in the Qing period. We found that either Chinese medicine or folk medicine, the goal is the same to help addicts to quit drug addiction. The popular precriptions for opium addiction in the Qing Dynasty are divided into two categories, one is based on the change in the body's twelve meridians to prescribe the right medicine. The doctors of traditional Chinese medicine were the first to feel the pulse of the patient to diagnose and then prescribed for symptoms.
Another category is to use “quit-smoking-opium” pills which con-tained oppium poppy or low dose of opium to replace the habit of opium smoking till reach the to take, in order to gradually reduce opium smoking to achieve the purpose of cessation. That method to prescribe such a low dose of the drug to replace the original drug addiction is quite similar to the methadone-based harm-reduction therapy in modern period. From the traditional Chinese medicine before the introduction of modern western medical, the methods of abstinence of opium within civil society are adopted clinical symptoms relief and the progressive of withdrawal in clinical pharmacology, but the performance on it seems difficult to measure.
The second prespective is to discuss civil addiction rehabilitation from the beginning of the Japanese colonial period till the established of Taihoku Rehabilitation Institute. Their specialty is to use of religious force to suppress desire of addicts and improve the psychological quality to defend those psychological and environment factors of opium smoking addiction in the meanwhile. Among those civil services, where Flying Phoenix Society is the use of traditional folk beliefs and advocate groups in a timely manner to support opium rehabilitation; foreign missionaries is the use of religious influence and the power of holy water to support rehab. Both civil services successfully influenced so many smokers not to take opium again. Beside religious groups, Dr. Ching-Yue Lin who worked at a small private hospital in Taipei, also used substitute treatment which replacing opium by heroine, and obtained a quite high success rate. Dr. Lin also published his comprehensive study on opium addiction and treatment in the medical journal. That is the first step to employ the modern medical model in Taiwan opium rehabilitation.
The last prespective is focused on Professor Tsungming Tu chaired Taihoku Rehabilitation Institute to discuss his unique medical treatment and influence in the development of addiction care system. We also ana-lyzed the data of addicts and rehab which collected by Japan Governor duing their colonial period and summed up a long-time and comparative observation, showing the actual operation of opium addiction and rehabilitation of the Japanese colonial government and finding that the attention of Taiwan society on opium rehabilitration are more and more imperative.
Finally, we discuss modern medical methods and their performance of opiate addiction. Smoking opium for centuries from the original elegant hobby bacame the life-threaten drug. But changing with time, opium also has a new role . From the view of medical demand, the opium still have irreplaceable roles. It is still the most powerful pain-killer and cough suppressants. This is why the number of opium addicts in United States bacame higher rather than lower according to 2006 statistics.
In the concept of the past years, people generally believed that once addiction eradicated that life will be eradicated. Until intervention of reli-gious rehabilitation and modern medicine, there are relatively large-scale drug abstinence movement.
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