| Summary: | 碩士 === 臺北市立大學 === 教育學系碩士班 === 102 === The present study aimed at discussing the friendship descriptions in existing elementary school Mandarin textbooks in order to learn about the concepts of friendship transmitted to school children through Mandarin textbooks.
The present study adopted two content-analysis methods. The first was introducing the Theory of Five Stage Development of Peer Relationships by Levinger and Levinger (1986) as the category to analyze existing 39 elementary school Mandarin textbooks from Nani Publishing, Han Lin Publishing and KST Education which have 582 chapters in total, and selected 58 chapters related to friendship to interpret the overall distribution of stated friendships and to differentiate the friendships described into lower, middle and higher grades. Secondly, following the friendships stage analysis framework, read the contents again to conduct the classifications after content-analysis to derive the selected factors in each friendship stage of the Mandarin textbooks contents. After a comprehensive discussion, the friendship concepts in Mandarin textbooks thus can be developed.
The study found that the descriptions of friendship stage concepts in elementary school Mandarin textbooks focus mainly on the Build-up and without emphasizing on the Ending stage of friendships regardless of the publishing companies. The Continuation and Consolidation,Deterioration stages, on the other hand, can only be seen in the textbooks of middle and higher grades. When portraying friends, elementary school Mandarin textbooks mainly take “good impressions” as the factor which attract friends, activities among friends are mainly collaborative activities and the ways to consolidate and persist friendships are frequent contacts, companionship and supports whereas time and space distances will be the main factors for the Deterioration of friendships. Our comprehensive study has found that the friendships portrayed in elementary school Mandarin textbooks have the tendency to have more positive interactions, but relationships stay as shallow aassociation. There are the emotional recognition and support to consolidate and continue friendships, but disagreements and confliction s are seldom found. Friendships remain stationary and will never end even after deterioration.
Finally, according to the findings of the study carried out conclusions and give suggestions for future research.
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