| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中興大學 === 食品暨應用生物科技學系所 === 103 === Appropriate inflammatory responses might protect human body from diseases, but excessive inflammation may be harmful to cells and organs leading to many chronic diseases. ROS plays an important role in oxidative stress and modulates the secretion of inflammatory mediators. The formation of foam cells plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis process. Edible and medicinal mushrooms contain various kinds of bioactive compounds, presenting multiple bioactivities. Thus, mushrooms are good sources to be used for health foods. In this study, the effect of 70% ethanolic extracts from Grifola frondosa (GF), Pleurotus salmoneostramineus (PS), Hysizigus marmoreus (HM) fruiting body and Antrodia salmonea (AS) mycelium on oxidation, inflammation and foam cells formation was investigated.
The results showed that the content of total phenols and flavonoids in GF, PS, HM and AS were 9.90-37.78 GAE mg/g extract and 0.43-10.46 RE mg/g extract, respectively. Among these extracts, AS has the highest content of total phenols and flavonoids. The in vitro antioxidant properties of extracts were evaluated. AS had superior activities on reducing power, and the EC50 were 0.86 mg/mL; on DPPH scavenging ability, the EC50 of all extracts were higher than 20 mg/mL; on the chelating ferrous ions, PS had superior activities, and the IC50 were 0.53 mg/mL.
According to the results of anti-inflammation, 125 μg/mL AS had superior effect on reducing the content of NO, and the inhibition was 29.82%; 500 μg/mL GF had superior effects on reducing the content of TNF-α and IL-6, and the inhibition were 37.83% and 80.97%, respectively; 750 μg/mL HM and 40 μg/mL AS had similar effect on reducing IL-1β production, the content were below the limit of detection. 200 μg/mL PS could significantly increase IL-10 production. The pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine ratio by (TNF-α+IL-6+IL-1β)/IL-10 was also evaluated, to clarify the profile of various cytokines. The results indicated that 500 μg/mL GF, 200 μg/mL PS and 750 μg/mL HM exhibited great anti-inflammatory activities by significantly decreasing the pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine ratios. In contrast, AS (20-40 μg/mL) could significantly increase the pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine ratios. Overall, GF, PS and HM might have good anti-inflammatory potential, while AS might has pro-inflammatory potential.
The effect of extracts on LPS-induced ROS production in J774.A1 cells for 3, 6, 12 and 24 h was investigated. According to the results , after short induced time of 3 and 6 h, AS showed great inhibition on ROS production; after long induced time of 12 and 24 h, PS showed great inhibition on ROS production.
The cell model of foam cell formation was established by 100 μg/ml oxLDL induced J774.A1 to become foam cells after 48 h. According to the results of Oil red O staining, GF, PS, HM and AS could significantly increase the ability of macrophage to uptake oxidized modified low density lipoprotein (oxLDL). The effect of the extracts on oxLDL-induced inflammatory response in J774.A1 cells for 48 h was also evaluated. According to the result, oxLDL-induced J774.A1 could not release TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, which indicated that the inflammatory response did not occure. Among the extracts, PS, HM and AS induce J774.A1 activate, resulting in secretion of TNF-α.
In conclusion, GF, PS, HM and AS exhibited multiple antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the other hand, these extracts might not have good potential in decreasing the development of atherosclerosis by inhibiting the formation of foam cells and declining inflammatory responses.
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