Study on the Development of Kaohsiung Plain during the Ching Dynasty

• Main Authors: Kuo-MingTzeng, 曾國明
• Other Authors: Wan-Shou Shr
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2015
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/w73yea

博士 === 國立成功大學 === 歷史學系 === 103 === Extended Abstract Study on the Development of Kaohsiung Plain during the Ching Dynasty Author’s Name ：Kuo-Ming Tzeng Advisor’s Name ：Wan-Shou Shr Department ＆ College：Department of History, College of Liberal Arts SUMMARY This thesis study the development of Kaohsiung plain during the Ching Dynasty.Land cultivation and the history vicissitudes of agriculture reclamation in Kaohsiung plain during the Ching Dynasty is a very worthy of inquiry. All of the following contents are limited in Kaohsiung plain in the Ching dynasty. The here no longer gives unnecessary details. In the principal conclusion, this area had changed production hinterland status and established tightly contact to other regions in the world. Key words : Kaohsiung Plain, Pi-tou(埤頭) , Ching Dynasty, Development, Takow(打狗) INTRODUCTION The introduction is to tell readers what they should want to know for this thesis four research purposes.The purposes (1) study land cultivation and the history vicissitudes of agriculture reclamation in Kaohsiung, (2) study courthouse change and the development of downtown streets, (3) study the modes of landowners and merchants accumulate much money and become local leaders, (4) study the production of rice and sugar and the development of society in the opening of trade in Taiwan. MATERIALS AND METHODS There are three methods (1) reading ancient documents, local chronicle and previous studies. This thesis research worker spends a lot of time reading the official documents of the Ching Dynasty and the Japanese colonial era. Besides, there are many ancient leases as evidence in this study. (2)It is through the fieldwork that research worker interviews many older men and women, we also realize early life experiences by actual visits to fields among villages and towns in Kaohsiung. It makes up any shortfall of documents in this study. (3)By map comparison, we further understand the history vicissitudes of Kaohsiung plain during the Ching Dynasty. Because this thesis research worker collects many maps from the Ching Dynasty to the present, we prove a location in the ancient documents. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This article aims to discuss the historical transition of Kaohsiung plain during the Ching Dynasty. At the beginning of the drilling of irrigation ditches, the Han people not only had changed the land-use of Kaohsiung plain, but had gradually controlled the land operation and agricultural activities. For example, this thesis studies agriculture and fishery reclamation during the Ching dynasty in Tzu-Kuan region (梓官) , on the coast of Kaoshiuang. The reclamation and development during the middle of Ching dynasty in Tzu-Kuan region, was a process of construction of different life-style in both places of north-east and south-west. Some old sugar refineries in the south-west of Tzu-Kuan region exported sugar by Chih-Kan (赤崁) seaport transportation . But on the other hand, the agricultural activity in the north-east of Tzu-Kuan region was mainly the cultivation of rice. The following chapter starts with the geographic environment of Hsing-lung (興隆)city, and it is pointed out why it became the county capital of Feng-shan hsien(鳳山縣). Following that, the reasons why the county capital was transferred to Pi-tou(埤頭) city are explored. In the remote location, narrow space and bad building, with the result that Hsing-Lung old city was not good enough to be the best city in the Kaohsiung plain. Pi-Tou new city located in the center of road and of whole Feng-shan area. Pi-Tou new city became the most prosperous city and county capital in the Kaohsiung plain. Under the more powerful control of Pi-Tou new city and new land cultivation style,many landowners , businessmen and gentry appeared.The new businessmen and gentry class provided funding for the construction of temples and public to socialize with each other. Many business and cultural association occurred to businessmen and gentry class by participating in the construction of temples. Before the Takow harbor was open, there were Kaohsiung transshipment of goods to Tainan, and Chi-ho(旗後) was the place where the fishermen built hunts. After the harbor was open, Takow(打狗) became the port for the exportation of sugar and rice. Foreign businessmen came Chi-ho(旗後)and Takow to establish several foreign business firms. Moreover, local trade firms were also emerging .They hired the inhabitants of Kaohsiung plain as agents, to buy and sell sugar and rice for them. By the Takow harbor exportation, the goods of the Kaohsiung plain were sold to the world. Finally, this area had changed production hinterland status and established tightly contact to other regions in the world. CONCLUSION This section will include (1) At the beginning of the drilling of irrigation ditches, the Han people had gradually controlled the land operation and agricultural activities. Eespecially Tsao-Ching (曹謹) made the supply of water of Tsao-Kun- Canal(曹公圳) a great quantity of increasing. (2)Because Pi-Tou new city located in the center of road and of whole Feng-shan area, Pi-Tou city became county capital. (3) New businessmen and gentry class provided funding for the construction of temples and public to socialize with each other. (4) After the harbor was open, the goods of the Kaohsiung plain were sold to the world.