| Summary: | 博士 === 國立成功大學 === 歷史學系 === 103 === The Study of Taiwan's River Policy
in the Period of Japanese Rule
—the Focus of Water Control
Chu-Ching Ma
Mei-Cing Chen
Department of History＆ National Cheng Kung University
SUMMARY
Taking the theme of river policy, research time off limits to Japanese rule in Taiwan since 1895 until the beginning of 1945 until the end of arms control. With on river policy discussion and formulation, implementation and other effects, to review the Taiwan Governor river policy, showing a distinct river between Taiwan and Japan under the system of colonial policy.
Keyword： River Policy; Technocrat; water control; water control by forestry;
regulating river
INTRODUCTION
One of the main characteristics in the period governed by Japan is the development of the recent national power.The main researching theme,River policy,is presented completedly in the thesis.During the half century of Japanese rule,Taiwanese government rule by Japan,establish the technological bureaucracy to arrange the flood-preventing project at first and finally the bureaucracy takes over the project and emphasize the complicated business of river later.
Before improving the flood-preventing project,the government proceed a series of investigation of river.With the unveiling of River Bill during the early period of Shouwa, there is a remarkable change on the river policy.When it conces to law,Japanese government put the rule of river in Japan into practice in Taiwan.That is the reason why the Taiwanese authorities of river made a huge step forward.
The features of the natural environment of Taiwan’s River include the unstable geological structure and the mountain terrain in central Taiwan is composed of clayslate. Because of this, heavy rainfall often washes up large amount of mud and caused the “turbid water” in the down stream, and even led to flood in the rainy summer. Since Taiwan fell into Japanese occupation, the Japanese government emphasized on economic matters without enough attention to water control.After the two floods that happened in 1911 and 1912, respectively, the Japanese government then began to face up this problem seriously. The Japanese government began to do some water control engineering to eliminate gradually flood problem during Taisho period. In Showa times, the government shifted its attention to the upper part of the river for water and soil preservation. So the flood-preventing project gradually moved to the management of the whole river basin.
The concept of water management was from midstream and downstream to the upriver woodland which conducting flood-preventing project in the lower reaches extensively on one hand, and water control by forestry scheme on the other hand. However, with the moving forward to modernization, Japan tried to control the rivers by conducting flood-preventing project such as the levees, they still can’t stop the destructiveness forces of nature. In the end, Japan referenced the American Tennessee River Project to evolve the rivers control project in Showa times, using this in Japan as well as Taiwan, which means building reservoirs had attained the aim of the integration of rivers use and authentically implemented the true meaning of water control.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this paper, the method of historical research,historical data collection and research, interpretation and analysis document.
Research on river policy and related issues, the main references and important historical references as follows:
1、 Official publication of information.
2、 Japanese officials of private instruments, diaries.
3、 100 Civil prewar classics book.
4、 Japanese Taiwan Journal.
5、 Newspaper.
6、 Map.
Through data collection to illustrate the river during the Japanese occupation of Taiwan policy and river improvement business.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this paper, in addition to the introduction, conclusion, expected points as five chapters.
Chapter I： Modern Japan's flood control policy.
By Combing data to understand the development of modern Japanese
river improvement business.
Chapter II： History of flood control authorities and flood control Technocrat.
By organizational changes, personnel and other aspects of the
Evolution to understand the cause of the initial flood of Japanese rule
in Taiwan .
Chapter III： The period of surveying and preparing the business of river
improvment（1912-1934）
Analysis of Civil Education and the Commission of Inquiry
technicians Education. With technocratic books to explore flood
ideology and philosophy .
Chapter IV： The positive development of business during the flood（1927-1939）
First,to investigate the early Showa Taiwan Governor promote large
river flood defenses background. Interpretation of Japanese rule on
the basis of the initial river affairs act.Last, Discussion of the use of the
technical aspects of river.
Chapter V： Regulating river period（1939-1945）
Comparison and discussion between Japanese Japan's water control
plan and Taiwanese, water conservancy control plan.
CONCLUSION
Characteristics of river policy during the Japanese occupation of Taiwan following discovery：
1、Changes and deeds of investigating authorities.
2、Japan extended the experience and learning.
3、Taiwanese rivers policy influenced by the Japanese.
4、River management responsibilities were led to centralization.
5、Flood control implementation: water control plan.
6、Japanese technocrats in taiwan implemented in the colonial period.
7、Response and cooperation of the people.
8、Flood control Influences.
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