| Summary: | 博士 === 國立中正大學 === 中國文學研究所 === 104 === The concept of secular literature, results from after approximately the May 4th Movement, but in fact, the rise of the Tang and Song Dynasties in the metropolis; the performance is by saying, singing and rapping spread between the marketplace, such as storytelling, singing folk song sing songs and tell Bianwen, Gongdiao etc.; but the material or relevant records have spread very little, the related secular literature, more concentrated in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In AD 1900, the Dunhuang Library Cave had been rescued dawn, where has one batch of forms, content popular secular literature materials, such as Bianwen, Quzi-CI, folk song, popular poetry, and so on; according to written records, the volume of secular Literature is further confirmed from the Tang Dynasty. Since the rise of urban, commercial development, the rise of the public, the literacy rate and the gradual development of printing and other conditions, Tang and Song Dynasties show the critical period of development of secular literature.
Secular literature, synchronic and diachronic development by exploring Tang Song time approximately 661 years period, not only the text presents forms and themes, but also according to its characteristic, like performance, dissemination, entertainment, enlightenment and so on. First of all, the establishment of secular literature, theory, so-called “custom” is referred to “secular”, which is meant “loved by the general public."”In which also contains the sense of “common”, if only “common” cover the literature, it easily has the confusion with “the folk literature”. In order to obtain the integrity to discuss the secular literature of the Tang and Song Dynasties, we adopt the trichotomy positions, including elegant literature, folk literature, and conventional literature.
Then, by secular literary theory depicting the faces of the Tang and Song secular literature, and development, secular literatures of Tang Dynasty could be preserved because of the Dunhuang Library Cave and a glimpse of its form and content, like talking and singing of Bianwen, song words of rhyme style, popular poem, etc. Only a few secular literary of the Song Dynasty have been handed down, and we must review the scholar's records to infer the appearance of performance. As for saying of performance, such as novel, history, Buddhist stories, etc., “Hua-Ben”most of drafts were spread down because of scholar's publications at the Ming Dynasty; as for singing of performance, such as Xiaochang、Biaochang、Changzuan etc., the songbook has hardly spread down; As for rapping of performance, Only a few were preserved via scholars imitating the folk comedy, such as Guzi word and Gongdiao.
Finally, we take performance and propagation as the angle of view to discuss the development and propagation of secular literature, from the Tang to the Song Dynasty. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the dissemination of secular literature, was mainly oral, and the way of performance was including saying, singing and rapping; secondly, in written by the transcription and publication communicated secular literature. Because of the differences in the regulatory policy, including the time, the social background, the city system, the night endure and so on, they have led to divergence of secular literature, from the space, the time and the performance situation. Secular literature, can only be communicated to the public by dissemination, and its form and subject, often varied by the influence of time and distance, the identity of propagator, the class of circulating objects, and the other factors; it is no longer just the mutual influence and inheritance relationship between subject matter and form.
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