| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立成功大學 === 交通管理科學系 === 104 === The transportation externality problem means that an additional vehicle incurs the marginal cost to the whole transportation system, while the internalization policy is to impose the marginal cost on the total vehicle and/or roadway usage cost. Most previous studies assumed that users are aware of the total usage cost of vehicles before implementing an internalization policy, but this study finds that this presumption is not true. The vehicle usage cost includes the internal costs which directly paid by road users, and the potential external costs which are usually ignored by road users. This study probes each cost item of two vehicle categories, i.e., automobile and motorcycle; and compares the effects of different internalization policies on the goal of cost internalization.
The empirical study results indicate that the automobile internal cost only accounts for 60% to 70% of the total cost, and only 35% to 45% of the total cost of motorcycle; the vehicle usage cost had been seriously underestimated. For the internalization policy comparison, the result shows that the marginal cost pricing policy is suitable for the traffic situation of low traffic volumes or longer roadway segment. On the other hand, for the traffic situation where high traffic volumes or shorter roadway segments, the average mileage cost pricing policy is more appropriate.
Keywords: congestion cost, accident cost, internalization, marginal cost pricing, average mileage cost pricing
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