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• Main Authors: WEN-BIN HUANG, 黃文斌
• Other Authors: 陳秀琪
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2016
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73635179491471061115

碩士 === 國立中央大學 === 客家語文研究所 === 104 === Sabah, a state belong to Malaysia, is located at the north-east of the Borneo, near the South China Sea. There are about 240,000 HakKa residents who mainly migrated from LungChuan(龍川), BaoAn(寶安), and other areas in Canton province, China, between 1882 to 1949, under the agreement signed by the Basel Christian Church and the colonial British North-Borneo Chartered Company. The contracted immigration made HakKa dominated roughly between 60-70% population within Chinese ethnic groups-Cantonese, HokKien(閩南人), HakKa, TeoChew(潮汕人), HaiLam(海南人) and others. As the result, HakKa language became the Lingua Franca among Chinese immigrants in Sabah, until the rise of Chinese-Mandarin in recent 1 or 2 decades. The studied six chapters are: (1) The preface. (2) Introduction of HakKa society in Sabah. (3) LungChuan HakKa language system. (4) Features of Sabah HakKa vocabularies. (5) Special Sabah HakKa vocabulary and usages. (6) Conclusion. Within Sabah Hakka, two major sub-accented groups—namely LungChuan and BaoAn have been mixed in the past century. However, here are the facts that show the Sabah Hakka language development in the past. (1) The LungChuans are still keeping their /Ʒ/, yet gradually loosing their original /tʃ, tʃ’, ʃ/ sounds which were merged in /ts, ts’, s/ as phonologically “easy pronunciations”. (2) The LungChuans are still keeping their /n/ and /l/ sounds in good position, while the BaoAns are almost made their /n/ into /l/ sound completely. (3) Obviously the lip-teeth frictive /v/ sound is replaced by lip sound /w/ by most of BaoAns in their daily conversation. In addition, LungChuans keep /u/ whenever pronouncing /ua, uai, uan, uat/ sound; yet BaoAns are likely lost /u/ sound on the above. (4) During the language evolution, Sabah HakKa absorbed large number of new vocabularies from other Chinese ethnic groups, local tribes, European and Malay. (5) HakKa language has been squeezing significantly by the powerful Chinese-Mandarin due to education and mass media impact in past decades. If no effective steps were taken, the HakKa language will surely be disappeared in next decades.