Whose Population Policy- The Transformation of Technocracy

• Main Authors: Shi-Han Chen, 陳希涵
• Other Authors: Hung Jeng Tsai
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2016
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3ezjh3

碩士 === 國立中山大學 === 社會學系碩士班 === 104 === From the population miracle to the globally lowest birth rate, we have witnessed the brilliant achievements made by Taiwan Family Planning but unfortunately encountered the invalid control on aging population. The Taiwan Family Planning initiated to reduce the population growth in 1960s, which had lowered the natural birth rate from 27.3‰ to 11.3‰ in twenty years. However, in 1990s, the fact that the achievement had been accelerated the aging population course in Taiwan obviously surfaced. Even if the low birth rate is worsened continuously, Taiwan society still shows different views on whether it should encourage fertility. Regarding what kind of policy should be used to increase the fertility rate, the final resolution has a lot to do with the outcome of political wrestling from different perspectives. The thesis divides the population policy into two stages based on the transformation of decision-making model. Firstly, it was the decision-making model dominated by technocracy before 2000, which covered two periods, namely, the Family Planning during 1960s~1990s, and the objective of population policy changed to “Maintaining Rational Population Growth” after 1992. Secondly, it was the stage after the Party Alternation in 2000. With the support of Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) and the establishment of democratic participation in decision-making, the delegation of Women Committee presented a new view on population and environment-friendly policy in the process of participation in population decision-making. As a result, the new population policy came into being from the confrontation of technocracy and diverse opinions. However, since the super-low birth rate in 2003, Taiwan’s fertility rate had kept plummeting and become the lowest birth rate globally in 2010. Despite the recovery of birth rate after that, it still fails to break through the super-low birth rate of 1.3; thus it implies the trouble of invalid policy. We learned from the process of confrontational wrestling that the leading party’s preference distributes the proportion of confronters. Under the support of DDP, the Committee of Women’s Rights Promotion seems to get the right to interpret the population policy to some extent, whose political strength was restricted with the transfer of political power. In contrast, the decision-making of KMT prefers to the traditional and conservative concepts of both marriage and fertility. As to how the population policy was generated, the elected government wishes to satisfy the majority, but many measures are terminated or half-implemented due to the restriction of funds without adequately financial support. The pronatal policy, due to the bureaucratic system and the influence of the core perception of Family Planning practiced in the past, fails to make break-through progress.