| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺北護理健康大學 === 護理研究所 === 104 === Taiwan became an aging society in 1993; and be estimated will enter an aged society in 2018, and enter the hyper-aged society in 2025. In the past, the elderly paid more attention on the basic needs satisfaction of physiology and safety. The literature showed only the basic needs were satisfied then the needs of love and belongingness, esteem and self-actualization can be satisfied. To satisfy the elderly needs can slow the impact of aging, and also achieve high quality of life. The wellbeing is important psychological indicator for quality of life. This study was designed to investigate the correlation of the elderly needs satisfaction and wellbeing, and further learned more predictive factors about wellbeing.
This study used cross-sectional descriptive design to find out the correlation of the elderly needs satisfaction and wellbeing. For facilitate sampling, the men over age 65 lived in the communities, whom are serviced by a Long-term Care Institution located in New Taipei City, including a home care services area, a senior citizens' apartments and three day care units were selected as research subjects. This study carried on G-Power to estimate the samples number, the sampling error was set at 0.05, power of test was set at 0.08, and the power of effect was set at 0.3, then the required samples were 64 elders, if turnover rate was 20%, then the required samples were 80 elders. Due to the samples were distributed over home care services, senior citizens’ apartments and day care units, so this study drew out 30 elders from each of the preceding three service models, and a total of 90 samples. According to the Long-term Care Institution data showed on April 2015, the Institution provided home care services for 143 elders, day care services for 40 elders and senior citizens' apartments for 69 elders. During the period from 2015 November 13 through December 15, this study encoded the above elderly and used random sampling to select samples until the effective samples amounted to 90 elders. This study contained the elderly basic personal data, Barthel Index, Short Portable Mental State Questionnaire (SPMSQ), the elderly needs survey and Chinese Happiness Inventory etc. After approved by Ethical Review Approval of National Taiwan University, this study got informed consent from the subjects and used SPMSQ to measure the subjects had compliance with cognition normal, and then the investigator face to face explain the questionnaires and assist to answer.
The study found that: the physiological needs could satisfied the elderly needs most, and sequentially was love and belongingness needs, esteem needs, self-actualization needs, security needs. For the elderly wellbeing feeling degree, to have a sense of control was best; followed in order was self-satisfaction, positive affect, optimistic, optimistic attitude to life, good health. Basic attributes and the degree of elderly needs satisfaction existed the following correlation. The different levels of education resulted to significant differences on physiological needs; the different living situations resulted to significant difference on physiological and esteem needs; the different gender elderly resulted on significant differences on safety needs; the different long-term care model resulted to significant difference on physiological, safety, love and belongingness, esteem and self-actualization needs. The correlation between basic attributes and wellbeing(r = .667, p<0.01) existed significant correlation (p<0.01), and the love and belongingness was predictive factors of wellbeing.
Love and belongingness was an important predictor of wellbeing, the love and belongingness needs of the elderly would not diminish by age. The love and belongingness include: family, love, friendship, etc. This study suggested the senior citizens' apartments to create a family warm style for the elderly as like high school or college dormitory, and make the residents just like friends each other, eating, chatting, and joining community and leisure activities; and encourage the elderly in day care center to contact classmates, friends and former colleagues to large circle of friends; and make the neighbor, friends and relatives regularly greet the elderly which accept home care services, to satisfy the elder love and belongingness needs and promote wellbeing.
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