The Hakka Images and Ethnic Identity of Hakka Teenagers

• Main Authors: FAN-JO-YU, 范若瑜
• Other Authors: 范瑞玲
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2016
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51044112550742127809

碩士 === 國立聯合大學 === 客家語言與傳播研究所 === 104 === Abstract This research aims to understand the current situation among the junior high students in Tongluo Township of Miaoli Country regarding their images toward the Hakka culture and ethnic identity. The study discusses the major Hakka image rankings among the junior high students and analyzes the connections between the group of students and their Hakka image, the sources they obtained the images and the image differences from students with different backgrounds. Furthermore, it also discusses their ethnic identity and analyzes its differences with different backgrounds. Finally, the relevant circumstances between Hakka image and ethnic identity will be conferred. We used a survey called “Questionnaire to Hakka Images and Ethnic Identity toward Hakka Younger generation” as the research tool and the took the junior high students from 1st to 3rd years with 3 classes in each in Tongluo Township of Miaoli Country as subjects. 233 questionnaires and 219 of them were received in total, so the recovery rate was 93.99%. The number of effective sample is 203. The data was analyzed with the statistics methods of frequencies, mean, independent t test, One-way ANOVA and PPMCC. The result indicates that the image rankings toward the Hakka culture among the junior high students in Tongluo area are Hakka language, Hakka cuisine, Hakka grains, bombing dragon and Tung blossom in ascent and the most important source they obtained the Hakka image were through Hakka festivals. The students have no deep impression to the Hakka personality traits and others related to livings such as Hakka blue outfits and Hakka kitchen since they are out of date now. The important factors for affecting the Hakka image are localization, festivalization and being down-to-earth. The image is different due to different genders as well as other factors that whether students ever had participated in Hakka festivals, watched Hakka programs and joined Hakka cultural classes. The students have good feedbacks in all levels of ethnic identity and they hit the highest score in “ethnic consciousness” which shows that they are highly aware of their Hakka identity. The "ethnic attitude" is in the medium level shows that they have fair attitudes to Hakka and other ethnicities. In the survey, students who can speak better Hakka have stronger identity and vice versa. Students who ever joined Hakka culture classes have higher scores in ethnic identity and that means the Hakka culture classes can increase students’ ethnic identity. There is no huge difference of the Hakka image between students with different levels of ethnic identity, and that means even they have differences in ethnic identity, their Hakka images are still almost the same. However, it might also mean that the students are not really familiar with the traditional Hakka culture. Therefore, some suggestions are proposed for the Hakka image and ethnic identity to students, hoping to contribute to the Hakka cultural heritage. Key words: younger generation, Hakka image, ethnic identity, Tongluo Township of Miaoli Country