Nonylphenol and Bisphenol A in biological matrices of mother and fetus and its health effects on newborns

• Main Authors: Chun-Hao Lai, 賴俊皓
• Other Authors: Mei-Lien Chen
• Format: Others
• Language: en_US
• Published: 2016
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10649336318442360919

碩士 === 國立陽明大學 === 環境與職業衛生研究所 === 104 === 　　Nonylphenol (NP) is a degradation product of nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs). Bispehnol A (BPA) is used to produce polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Both of them are well-known endocrine disruptors, which may cause estrogenic effects. Although the adverse effects of animals are well established, the epidemiological studies on the adverse effects of NP and BPA exposure are inconsistent and contradictory. The aims of this study include: (1) to determine NP and BPA levels in different biological matrices of the mother and fetus, (2) to investigate the correlation between birth outcomes and prenatal exposure to NP and BPA, and (3) to evaluate the potential risk of health effects associated with exposure to NP and BPA for breastfed infants. 　　A total of 261 pregnant women and their fetuses were followed-up in this study. Maternal urines were collected at the third trimester. The fetal cord blood and placenta samples were collected at delivery and the breast milk was collected postnatal at the first and third month. NP and BPA levels were determined for all biospecimens. A questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data about the participants. Information about birth outcomes was obtained from medical records. The daily intake of NP and BPA in breast milk was calculated using probabilistic risk assessment methods. 　　The GM (GSD) of NP levels in maternal urine, fetal cord blood, placenta, first and three month breast milk were 4.86 (2.25) g/g creatinine, 6.45 (3.09) ng/mL, 28.57 (28.41) ng/g, 15.54 (1.67) and 19.54 (1.65) ng/g, respectively. The GM (GSD) of BPA levels in maternal urine, fetal cord blood, placenta, first and three month breast milk were 2.08 (3.18) g/g creatinine, 3.73 (2.40) ng/mL, 3.39 (2.13) ng/g, 1.35 (3.59) and 2.90 (2.85) ng/g, respectively. Pregnant women in the fourth quartile would have an increased risk of giving birth to a shorter head circumference newborn (OR=3.31, 95 % CI=1.37-8.00).Infants in the group above the median had an increased risk of having a lower birth weight (OR= 3.72, 95 % CI=1.04-13.31), and chest circumference (OR= 5.51, 95 % CI=1.46-20.78). There are no significant associations between pregnant women urine, fetal cord blood and placental BPA levels and birth outcomes in this study. Sixteen percent of one-month-old babies and nine percent of three-month-old babies exceeded the NP TDI 5 μg/kg-bw/day, as proposed by the Danish Institute of Food Safety and Toxicology; three percent of one-month-old babies and one percent of three-month-old babies exceeded the BPA TDI 4 μg/kg-bw/day, as proposed by the European Food Safety Authority. 　　This study presents the NP and BPA exposure profile for pregnant women and infants in northern Taiwan. Infants who are exposed to higher levels of NP have an increased risk of having a smaller body size. The daily NP and BPA intake of some one and three month-old babies via breast milk exceeded the TDI, which indicates a potential risk for Taiwanese infants.