| Summary: | 碩士 === 中原大學 === 生物醫學工程研究所 === 105 === Oral cancer is one of the top ten leading causes of death in Taiwan. Clinical study shows that approximately 9 people in every 10 people with oral cancer in clinic have the habit of betel quid (BQ) chewing. The incidence rate of oral cancer in Taiwan is the highest in the world. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) considered arecoline as a group 1 carcinogen.
Researches show that BQ chewing can induce a variety of system-related diseases and double the risk of metabolic syndrome in the next generation. Although many studies reveal the negative effects of BQ chewing, it is still hard to reduce the number of people having this habit.
The purpose of this study was to find a harmless substance to replace the BQ gradually. We used the non-carcinogenic piper betel to study whether it will influence the cardiovascular and nervous system, and to investigate if eating the piper betel will affect the reaction of the nerve system.
The first step of this study was to increase the content of active ingredient by water and ethanol extraction from the betel quid and piper betel. The second step was to analyze the content of effector in each extract. The extract with higher content of active ingredient was chosen and the dosage level was calculated. The third step was to conduct animal testing. ICR mice were intraperitoneally injected with 5 mg/kg arecoline, which was extracted from BQ, or 5 mg/kg Eugenol, which was extracted from piper betel). Control group was treated with 90% PBS and 10% ethanol. The EKG reaction of mice was observed and recorded. After one week, mice were intraperitoneally injected with the same dosage. Then, the Open field test (OFT) was conducted. The activity amount and activity model were observed to analyze the change of the activity ability and anxiety in mice.
The results showed that the expected active ingredient can be extracted by both ethanol and water. Therefore, the relevant products could be developed in the future. In the EKG test, the Poincaré plot indicated that the mice treated with 5 mg/kg arecoline (BQ extract) were poisoned. Additionally, the response of autonomic nerve of BQ extract was more active than the piper betel extract. However, the piper betel extract still has an impact on the autonomic nerve system. The data of EKG showed piper betel extract had a significant effect on bradycardia, while the BQ extract caused the extremely unstable situation.
The degree of the anxiety and excitement were determined by how the mice entered the central area and the total route in the OFT. Due to the strong impact on autonomic nerve, the mice treated with BQ extract suffered great discomfort and showed extremely low reaction when entering the central area and the total route. Compared with the control group, the mice treated with piper betel showed more times of entering central area and total route. It revealed that the piper betel can reduce the anxiety, feel refreshed and feel excited. This study showed the practical way and the effort of the application of piper betel to replace BQ by analyzing the content of piper betel extract, and conducting the EKG and animal test.
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