A Textual Research on Taoist Taiji Liandu in the Song and Yuan Dynasties

• Main Authors: YEH,TSUNG-PEI, 葉聰霈
• Other Authors: Chang,Chao-Jan
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2017
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01253184134527307613

碩士 === 輔仁大學 === 宗教學系 === 105 === This thesis is about the "Taiji Liandu" (太極煉度) ritual in the Song and Yuan dynasties. Through investigation between the relation of Ghost Offering Ritual(祭鬼) which claimed to be created by Ge Xuan(葛玄) and tradition Feeding Ritual, this research tries to explore the formation of "Taiji Liandu" ,the evolution of Taoism Feeding Ritual and the purposes of this kind of ritual practice. From the investigation of among the Taoist scriptures, it shows that at least from the Six-Dynasties, the Feeding Ritual has a main purpose for saving the ancestors. By the influence of the liberating the flaming-mouths (fang yankou 放焰口), or feeding the hungry ghosts, ceremony of Buddhism in Tang Dynasty, the holding of Feeding Ritual of Taoism still remain the main intention of being the savior for ancestors, but has been add one more side purpose, to save the dead. The Taoism scripture Taishang Dongxuan Lingbao Jinggong Miaojing (太上洞玄靈寶淨供妙經) of Tang Dynasty Taoist is a representative, widespread, influential sutra which also give a big influence to the later generations. Gexuan’s Ghost Offering legend maybe inspired by from this Taishang Dongxuan Lingbao Jinggong Miaojing. Until Song and Yuan dynasties, due to the impetus of political condition, offering rituals were prevailed in China. At this period, the role of Feeding Ritual which has the purpose for saving the dead has been absorded by another ritual “Liandu"(煉度) which has the similar function and sooner become part of the Liandu Ceremony. Following by the promotion of related rituals, such as "Taiji Liandu" (太極煉度) and "Xianweng Jilian"(仙翁祭煉), the position of Ge Xuan elevated rapidly and being identified as a patriarch who achieved the Tao. Along with the publication industrial in Song Dynasty, this kind of rituals not only very popular among the literati, but also become the important practice by some of them, a notable case is the note of Zheng Shixiao (鄭思肖) Taiji jilian neifa(太極祭煉內法). Due to the different backgrounds of the practitioners, the Taoism priest, literati and scholar may have different understanding and interpretation for this rituals.