| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中央大學 === 歷史研究所在職專班 === 105 === Native Taiwanese, as the very first human on this island, experienced changes in Dynasties, governments, and policies of the land and the laws. Japanese did the land investigation which included measuring the area of the forests and deciding whether the forests needed to be retained. The forests are categorized accordingly, and primary retained forest are set for native Taiwanese; primary retained forests are also the forerunner of the retained hills.
In 1945, World War II ended, and the Republic of China(ROC) took over Japan’s dominion of Taiwan. They formed created the mountainous administration to check the mountainous fields, cancel the land policies, and establish villages and towns in the mountainous region. However, the ROC kept the promotions and policies that were meant to protect native Taiwanese during the Japanese dominion. They also set mountainous area preservation policies called “Taiwan Province city’s retained mountainous region regulation policy”.
At the time when the government set the policies, they were very strict about the regulation of retained areas. People need the government’s approval in order to use any lands. The government also limit the native Taiwanese to the lands outside of the retained area unless it was under extreme circumstances. The native Taiwanese did not fully understand the rules and often violated them. Plus, the retained areas were primarily for native Taiwanese, other people were not able to use the mountainous areas easily. This caused many problems when the government was promoting the policies. Besides, the government did not finish measuring the mountainous areas; after hearing feedbacks from citizens and opinions from the senators, the policy was renamed in 1960 to “Taiwan Province’s retained mountainous region regulation policy” It loosened the standard of releasing lands, allowed normal entrepreneurs to get into the mountainous area, and gradually changed the tradition of native Taiwanese.
After the land investigation in 1966, the government divided the lands based on their properties, educated the native Taiwanese on how to use the land more efficiently, and rewarded people who farmed and afforested. They amended the “Taiwan Province’s retained mountainous region regulation policy” again, which let the land reservation policy gradually change to releasing lands with special landforms. In the end, the government gave out the ownerships of the reserved lands to the native Taiwanese.
This paper mainly wrote about the mountainous region policy’s changes from 1945 to 1966, took FuHsing district as an example, and understood the policy’s effect on the district. This paper found that although the government’s original intention was to increase the living standard of the native Taiwanese, they did not consider native Taiwanese’s condition, such as their lack of funds, experiences, and techniques. In addition, the banks refused to accept any mortgage on reserved lands. The policy’s effectiveness needed improvement.
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