| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立宜蘭大學 === 建築與永續規劃研究所碩士班 === 105 === The largest space in schools is the gymnasium, which often has natural ventilation. The main focus of this study is to examine the usage of doors and windows that have a direct influence on natural ventilation. This study conducted a survey of the usage of doors and windows in the gymnasiums of 18 junior high schools in Yilan county. During the first semester, the temperature of six of the case studies was tested over a four-month period. In October, using a different model of opening the windows, the temperature inside one of the case studies was measured over a three-day period; this was to determine the current usage pattern of the gymnasium’s doors and windows and the impact of opening the windows on reducing the temperature. The results of the study showed that junior high school gymnasiums can be categorized based on three factors: gallery seating, a stage, and an attached space. The resulting four categories are gymnasiums with classic gallery seating, platform style seating, track style seating, and no gallery seating. Gymnasium doors and windows can be classified based on how they work. There are two types of doors - rolling and push - and three types of windows - sliding, fixed, and push. Installed window accessories include grilles, curtains, blinds, ventilating fans, and bird netting.
There are five categories of activities that take place in gymnasiums and 79 items in total. The 17 activities that occur most regularly are basketball, badminton, volleyball, jump rope, tug of war, track and field, physical education, basketball team practice, basketball games, tug of war competitions, comprehensive accomplishment performances, art and craft exhibitions, announcements, graduation ceremonies, first day/ last day of the school, school anniversaries, and health checkups. Of the aforementioned activities, there are eight that tend to require the doors and windows: badminton, basketball games, comprehensive accomplishment performances, announcements, graduation ceremonies, first day/ last day of the school, school anniversaries, and health checkups. Common ways to use the doors and windows include closing them on typhoon days, opening them for air circulation, or opening or closing them at the start and end of each work day. Common issues with using the gymnasium doors and windows include still feeling muggy inside after opening them and problems with old and damaged windows. Window usage can be divided into two patterns: either the windows are not opened and closed regularly or the stadium floor windows are opened and closed regularly. Of the two, the former is more common, and the infrequency of opening and closing is related to the attached space, installed window accessories, and the reason for window usage. The results of the temperature measurements confirmed that issues with warm environment inside gymnasiums cannot be identified from a simple visit and interview. Three patterns for opening gymnasium windows were identified: some of the case studies open all the doors and windows, some only open the doors and windows on the stadium floor, and some only close the windows on floors above the one with seating facing away from the wind. Only the third pattern has been the best at reducing temperatures. When the windows are opened this way, on average the temperature inside is 0.86 - 1.13 °C below the temperature outside.
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