| Summary: | 博士 === 中國文化大學 === 哲學系 === 105 === This thesis is divided into two parts. Part I including chapters 2-5 mainly investigates what Lebensphilosophie (philosophy of life) means according to Nietzsche. Chapter Two explores Nietzsche in three levels: (a) Exploring the importance of Nietzsche in terms of the comments by Eastern and Western thinkers; (b) investigating the correlations between Nietzsche’s philosophy and solitude in terms of his personality and life; and (c) reviewing the development process of Nietzsche’s philosophy. Chapter Three investigates the goal of Lebensphilosophie, that is, “survival of the fittest”, and analyzes the causes causing the contradictions of Nietzsche’s thoughts: (a) Nietzsche’s view on metaphysics; and (b) “definition of the duality of ‘human’ nature”. In this respect, this thesis observes the differences and goals of human nature Nietzsche presumes in terms of his works: Der Wille zur Macht (The Will to Power) and Also sprach Zarathustra: Ein Buch für Alle und Keinen (Thus Spoke Zarathustra: A Book for All and None). Chapter Four discerns how Nietzsche interprets the human development of religious propositions from the spiritual need for “certainty” in terms of the issues relating to the human demand for “certainty”. Chapter Five examines how Nietzsche considered the ressentiment (resentment) of the slave breeds human morality in the same manner. By integrating the consistency in the “survival of the fittest” as the goal behind “religion” and “morality” according to Nietzsche as found in chapters four and five, this thesis proposes the Nietzsche’s methods for resolving the spiritual harms of human beings of “religion” and “morality” in order the elucidate a set of non-contradictory thoughts of Nietzsche. Part II including chapters six and seven mainly explores the pragmatism of Nietzsche’s Lebensphilosophie. Chapter Six comments on the effectiveness of Nietzsche’s treatment of “nihilism” and other feasible ways to resolve “nihilism” in terms of Heidegger. Chapter Seven investigates the effect of Nietzsche’s Lebensphilosophie on politicians, philosophers and existentialism in the twentieth century. In the Conclusion, this thesis proposes the advantages and disadvantages of methods practicing Nietzsche’s Lebensphilosophie and objectively reviews the effectiveness and limitations of Nietzsche’s Lebensphilosophie as a solution for “nihilism” and spiritual pain.
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