| Summary: | 博士 === 國防大學理工學院 === 國防科學研究所 === 106 === In this study, exfoliated graphite/metal oxide (EG/MO) composites were prepared for antimicrobial applications and decontamination of chemical pollutants by an explosive combustion and blending method. Three major aspects were discussed in this study: sorption behaviors, decontamination potential, and antimicrobial activities. In terms of the adsorption of chemical pollutants, the sorption behaviors of three kinds of oil (heavy oil, engine oil and diesel oil) into magnetic exfoliated graphite (MEG) were examined, including the sorption capacity and regeneration of sorbents, and the removal of oil from sorbents. Subsequently, MEG was applied for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution; the whole adsorption process was investigated and elucidated in depth. Various conventional isotherm models, such as the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson models, were used to fit the experimental data, and adsorption kinetic equations were evaluated according to the correlation coefficients. For the decontamination of toxic chemicals, a metal oxide (Ag2O, CuO or ZnO)-containing phase was employed as a component with reactive functionality, which was supported on EG as a component with adsorptive functionality. The reaction products of the adsorptive degradation of 2-chloroethylethylsulfide (2-CEES) and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), simulants of the well-known chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard (HD) and nerve agents (G-agents), respectively, were characterized using solid-state and solution NMR techniques. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activities of the EG/MO composites against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Bacillus anthracis were investigated using the plate-counting method, zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). In addition, spectroscopic characterization and analysis of the structural properties of the EG/MO composites were performed using SEM, EDX, XRD, IR and VSM. The results indicated that the EG had a low density, a large specific surface area, good chemical stability, non-toxicity, and well-developed porous structures. Therefore, the EG/MO composites can be used as functional materials for the removal of oil pollutants on the surface of water, organic dye removal from wastewater, decontamination of chemical warfare agents, and antimicrobial applications when EG is combined with different metal oxides.
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