Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Wastes, Black Garlic Extracts and Different Forms of Calcium on The Growth and Development of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis)

• Main Authors: Yu-Jung Lin, 林宇容
• Other Authors: Huey-Ling Lin
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2018
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n8e7h3

碩士 === 國立中興大學 === 園藝學系所 === 106 === Summary Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis) is an important Crucifera vegetable. Tipburn is a commonly existed physiological disorder of Chinese cabbage, previous study suggested that tipburn is caused by calcium deficiency and frequently occurred with soft rot disease, seriously affects the quality of vegetable. The prevention methods of tipburn are mainly based on chemical agents, however, the sustainable development of environment is an important issue today, which caused more attention to the reuse of natural materials and agricultural waste resources to control tipburn. The objectives of this study are to utilize garlic waste materials and apply various calcium sources, and to investigate whether these treatment are effect on increasing the absorption of calcium in the inner leaves and reducing incidence of Chinese cabbage tipburn. Analysis of nutrient distribution in different leaf layers of Chinese cabbage indicated that the concentrations of potassium, calcium, magnesium and boron increase with the order of leaf layers from inside, while the concentrations of phosphorus and copper showed opposite trend, furthermore, the concentrations of nitrogen, iron and zinc are not significantly different among different leaf layers. The concentrations of nitrogen, calcium, potassium, magnesium and manganese in the inner leaves of Chinese cabbage with tipburn were significantly lower than those without tipburn, while the concentrations of phosphorus, boron and zinc were higher but the concentration of potassium was not significantly different. Analysis of calcium concentration in the inner leaves showed the concentration in rickets was 1.7% lower than that of control. For different kinds of calcium source tested Chinese cabbage spray with 0.01M calcium chloride had both the lowest degree of tipburn and soft rot disease. External application of calcium had no effect on calcium concentration in leaves, but application of calcium chloride may reduce the occurrence of soft rot disease, while the treatment of calcium sulfate and calcium lactate had opposite effect. Germination results obtained from germination tests conducted on substrates containing various mixing ratios of garlic waste indicated that none of the substrate tested shows promoting effect on germination rate of ''new 28 Chinese cabbage No. 2'', ''Chinese cabbage No. 47'' and ''Chinese cabbage No. 56'' seeds, the germination rate decreases as the mixing ratio increases. In terms of seedling growth, a significant promoting effect were noticed in ''new 28 Chinese cabbage No. 2'' when cultivated on the substrate with a mixing ratio of 10:1 (peat moss : garlic waste, v/v) and ''Chinese cabbage No. 56'' cultivated on the substrate with a mixing ratio of 40:1. ''Chinese cabbage No. 47'' transplants cultivated on the substrate with a mixing ratio of 10:1 exhibited most severe tipburn symptoms after transplanting to peat moss. Tipburn was less severe in ''Chinese cabbage No. 45'' cultivated on garlic waste containing substrates relative to the control. Moreover, seedling growth of ''Chinese cabbage No. 45'' was not inhibited when grown on the substrate with a mixing ratio of 10:1 and higher concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese and zinc were detected in various leaf layers compared to those grown on the rest substrates. While using the substrate with a mixing ratio of 10:1, the growth performance was best in ''new 28 Chinese cabbage No. 2'' and ''Chinese cabbage No. 45'', the seedling growth was enhanced, the tipburn symptom was reduced and the contents of macronutrients in leaves were increased. Results from application of black garlic extract indicated that seedling growth was promoted when irrigated with black garlic extract diluted 300 times, however, no growth promoting effect can be observed while irrigated after transplanting; furthermore, inhibitory growth effect was recorded while irrigated with higher concentrations of black garlic extract.