| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中山大學 === 環境工程研究所 === 106 === With the technical and medical progresses in the last decades, pollutions of nitrogen and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been increasingly observed in water environments. Besides the adverse effects such as eutrophication caused by the occurrence of these contaminants, PPCPs are likely form carcinogenic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) such as nitrosamines during disinfection, causing harm to human health risks. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) is a novel biotechnology with the benefit of chemoautotrophic bacteria. In the process, organics is converted into carbon dioxide with ammonium and nitrite being the electron acceptors and being converted into inert N2 in an anaerobic environment. The major advantages of anammox include low sludge production, small amount of organic carbon supply, and limited aeration, et al. Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was used in this study to establish the anammox reactor, due to the slow growth in metabolism of anammox bacteria. The SBR can effectively increase the volume loading and decrease the shocking loading. In addition, graphene-containing materials were added in the reactors to stimulate the growth of anammox bacteria. The feasibility to degrade the domestically used diabetes drug, Metformin, and the biodegradable antiepileptic drug, Carbamazepine, was another concern of this study, as the removal efficiencies of two pharmaceuticals and their nitrosamine formation potentials. The results show that when concentration of ammonia and nitrite were increased to 200 mg/L, the removal rate decreased to 32% and 54%, respectively, indicating that increasing the nitrogen input concentration may inhibit the biological activity. The anammox process is capable to treat metformin in waters, as the addition of graphene oxide composite (GO/Fe3O4) in the reactor improved the removals of both inorganic nitrogen and metformin. Carbamazepine, with its aromatic structure and electron withdraw groups (EWGs), was more difficultly degradable. Interestingly, adsorption and desorption, rather than biodegradation, may determine the fate of carbamazepine during anammox process. As to the variation of nitrosamine formation potentials, the addition of activated carbon or GO/Fe3O4 composite increases the concentrations of nitrosamine formation potentials. The main nitrosamine species formed by metformin contained N-Nitrosopyrrolidine（NPyr）, N-Nitrosomorpholine（NMOR）andN-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine（NDBA）, while carbamazepine mainly produced NPyr, N-Nitrosopiperidine（NPip）, NMOR and NDBA.
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