The Application of Fire Exhaust and Sprinkler System for Parking Tower

• Main Authors: TU, YA-CHU, 凃雅筑
• Other Authors: CHANG, HUI-PEI
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2019
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c47z45

碩士 === 長榮大學 === 職業安全與衛生學系碩士班 === 107 === Currently, there are no clear norms of the law on local fire safety equipment and fire risk factors with regard to hermetic sheet metal buildings, parking towers, oil tanks, and fuel tanks. Article 190 of the Standards for Installation of Fire Safety Equipment Based on Use and Occupancy stipulates that premises need not be equipped with smoke control equipment. In this domestic study, eight parking towers have been surveyed to understand their internal structure, the fire extinguishing equipment, the installation of the detectors, and so on. It was found that there was no smoke-detecting equipment installed in any 8 of them, of which only 5 had air vents for heat dissipation and even the legislation does not clearly define the number of such installations. The current situation of parking towers in the whole nation was investigated by questionnaire survey. It was found that more than 90% of the fire extinguishing equipment used was the CO2 fire extinguishing equipment and the detectors were of the differential air tube type. Most of the parking towers were above 30 meters in height or even as high as 50 meters. In the event of a fire, the smoke layering distribution would be different from that of ordinary buildings and the presence or absence of air vents will affect the smooth venting of billowing smoke during such outbreak. Therefore, this study carried out a reduced scale experiment to observe the distribution of plumes and temperature according to the ignition sources. The result was whether the parking tower had dissipation air vents or not, smoke layering will settle in the vicinity of a fire source position. In order to locate the point of origin, the fire services are recommended to use the smoke layering distribution method to determine it. In the reduced scale experiment, by observing the smoke path, the location of the detector was detected and it was found that the temperature above the fire source was the highest, followed by the walls of the car parking. From the experiment, it was found that the fire flow would soar up from both sides of the parking plate. Thus, in future, the location of the detector can be suggested. FDS computer simulated whether CO2 can successfully extinguish a fire in a parking tower and the results obtained was that CO2 has been effective at lowering temperature at different location of the fire source. Part of the full-scale experiment was divided into fire practice and water sprinkler distribution. Since the interior of the car is mostly combustible (such as sponge foam), the fire will rapidly spread and the glass destroyed. When the temperature reaches 800 ℃, the sidewall-type fire suppression sprinkler is activated, to extinguish the fire. When the front and rear windshields are broken, the distribution of water is started. Most of the water-collecting trays can immediately reach 10 Lpm/m2 and extinguish the fire immediately. Keywords: Hermetic sheet metal building, parking tower fire, FDS, reduced-scale experiment, full-scale experiment.