State-Civil Society Relations in Mozambique and China: A Four C''s Perspective

• Main Authors: Analberto Santos, 沈德安
• Other Authors: Teh-Chang Lin
• Format: Others
• Language: en_US
• Published: 2019
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/k998b4

博士 === 國立中山大學 === 中國與亞太區域研究所 === 107 === CSOs play an imperative role in a country’s success; understanding how State-CSOs relate to shape governance can be a path to a pragmatic economic development framework. Mozambique has discovered huge reserves of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG); so, several fronts to attain sustainable development are important to invest on, including CSOs development, Government development; to understand how these two relate can be a doorway to good governance. The development of CSOs saw a course change in the ten-year president Guebuza governance when large investments were mobilized for the coal-mining industry and the discovery of giant gas reserves. The already less transparent state has open doors for corruption, mismanagement, and other actions not in line with good development practices. Other problems being Post conflict fragility, Political intolerance, Underservice of civil society due to social Classes of the CSOs. The research purpose is to understand the State-CSOs relations in the Mozambican context, looking at individual government employee’s interaction with individual CSOs employees in a side comparison to China’s literature on CSOs; guided by the question "What is the current State-CSOs relation in Mozambique and China, based on their short-term projects, and their policy goals? CSOs in Mozambique have portions of attribute of the 4Cs theory, which states that the State and CSOs given their short-term projects objectives, and long-term development policy goals; can only enter four types of relationship that are Cooperation, Confrontation, Co-option, and complementarity. To assess that, data was collected using survey questionnaire and interviews administered to 222 and 9 CSOs workers respectively. The study findings are that majority of CSOs in China prefer losing their independence by staying as close as possible to the government for space to work and financial iv resources, whilst Mozambican CSO mainly financed by international partners have a daring behaviour. State-CSOs relation in Mozambique and China is mainly dominated by a cooperative style. Co-option has a strong presence followed by confrontation that is more visible in Mozambique; and complementarity that both CSOs rely on to maintain relevant.