| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺灣大學 === 政治學研究所 === 107 === This study aims at analyzing the background of the establishment of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (MENR) in Taiwan, the process of how this ministry reformulated, and the historical context within which the organization changed. Due to the interactions of both domestic and international factors from the political, economic, and social contexts, the environmental protection system of the government in Taiwan has been upgraded, and the organizational view has become more forward-looking and far-sighted gradually. After the Earth Summits, the trend of sustainable development has spread all over the world. In Taiwan, however, from the authoritarian regime, the authoritarian transition, to the democratic consolidation periods, the government’s recognitions and actions towards environmental protection became more and more mature and finally moved to the stage of sustainability. In particular, the focus of the environmental governance has transformed from “public health and infectious disease prevention”, to “environmental protection”, and then to “conservation and the management of environmental resources”.
After the Organizational Reform of the Executive Yuan launched in 1987, the ad hoc committee on the Organizational Law of the Executive Yuan convened frequently to discuss the organizational structure of the Executive Yuan. In 1998, it proposed the establishment of the MENR. During the process of the organizational reform of the Executive Yuan, this idea received a wide support from the general public. However, the fact is that the Organizational Law of the Executive Yuan passed in 2010 while the legislature process of the MENR has still been left unfinished. During Chen’s, Ma’s, and Tsai’s administrations, the administrative agencies, legislators, environmental interest groups, scholars or experts had different biases towards the reformulation and they tended to launch the mobilizations of bias by their endowments to make the situation favorable to themselves.
With a view to understanding different biases implied in the organizational structures of the MENR during different periods, this study, from the political-economic angle, seeks to examine the development of Taiwan’s environmental protection system based on the historical approach and the theory of mobilization of bias. Meanwhile, it seeks to analyze the development of environmental protection system, and how the relevant actors interact with each other and use their resources in the network of the organizational reformulation. The study puts forwards the idea that by retrospecting and analyzing the changes of the environmental protection system, and the organizational arrangements of the MENR by the authorities at the different stages, it will be helpful to realize the cause-and-effect relationships and the driving forces of the reformulation of the MENR.
Lastly, this study finds that the relevant self-interested actors, constrained by different conditions of time and space, tend to mobilize the authorities to make the policy in their favor, and finally affect the arrangement of the MENR. The mobilization of bias is thus related to the contradiction between development and conservation, can be seen in the field of atmosphere, water, land and forest, and constitutes an obstacle to the MENR reformulation. The reformulation of the MENR is surrounded by the political factors of the parochialism of administrative agencies, the power of distributing government budgets by legislators, and the interests of the power of distributing water and forest resources. These factors shape the political agenda and inevitably make the organizational reformulation a political and economic tug of war.
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