| Summary: | 碩士 === 環球科技大學 === 公共事務管理研究所 === 107 === In recent years, the pensions of military personnel, civil servants and teachers, facing bankruptcy, has triggered a heated debate. Institutional changes are urgently needed. The study looks at the pension reform from the perspective of veterans, explores the uniquness of military occupations, and discusses the pension reform in terms of legislation legal aspect. The study focus on how pension reform should be implemented on the principle of legitimate expectation and the non-retroactivity of law. The thesis contains literature review on the origin and development of pension reform, the background of veterans, and influence the pension reform has on retired veterans’ demand.
This study adopts a semi-structured in-depth interview method and content analysis method. The veterans are interviewed, those who meet the conditions of veterans are not limited by age or rank. The interview outline can be divided into three categories: "The government's view on promoting the annuity reform." "Discussing the dignity of the military personnel from the special characteristics of their profession", "discussing the influence of the reform from the aspect of neccesities", and proposing fourteen interview outlines for the three major categories, conducting face-to-face in-depth interviews and combining the social media and other political talks to articulate personal opinions. After the data is sorted out, three conclusions are summarized as follows :
1. The veterans’ groups with the principle of “protecting the constitution and safeguarding rights” and insisting on the principle of trust protection and non-retroactivity. The annuity reform will deprive the constitution of the protection given. It believes that the government’s loss of trust forced the retired military personnel to take to the streets to defend their rights, with those affected although already being reduced of their retirement pension, also have to carry a baseless accusation.
2. Military service has the unique characteristics of "Full time combat readiness, long working hours, High risk, with early withdrawal and retirement rate". After retiring, it is difficult to transition into jobs of the outside world, and military personnel should have adequate respect and assurance during the process of reformation.
3. From the aspect of necessities. In regards of the necessities in life, although worried about the future, the veterans do belive going on a budget and cutting cost, these requirements could still be maintained. In regards of the need of affirmation and respect from the society, while recongnizing the effort from the 800-strong alliance of the retired military group reigniting the brotherhood spirit that is within all current and former military personnel. The military personnel believe that after serving the country, it is necessary for the society to recongnize the sacrifice given by these men and women. On the aspect of self-fulfillment: after retiring from the military, the veterans went their separate ways, each seeking different goals in life and each hope to serve the country further from different parts of the society.
After the interview results and data analysis, five suggestions are as follows:
1. The controversial contents within the pension program should be interpreted by the Chief Justice, and be addressed and implemented as on the same level as consititution itself.
2.In education, should recongnize the sacrifice given by the men and women of the military, and repair the damaged dignity and respect of the military personnel
3. Take the opinion of those who are affected into consideration and build a channel for the exchange of those opinions.
4.Fourth, take US and Japan retirement program into consideration, increase the employment opportunities for veterans, and enhance the willingness and confidence within enterprises of hiring veterans.
5. Fund management should be institutionalized and transparent, and managed by detailed actuarial data to increase the rate of withdrawal of funds accordingly.
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