Ergogenic action of ginsenoside Rg1: Role of inflammation in human skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise

• Main Authors: Wu, Jin-Fu, 吳金富
• Other Authors: Kuo, Chia-Hua
• Format: Others
• Language: en_US
• Published: 2019
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8ph462

博士 === 臺北市立大學 === 運動科學研究所 === 107 === Background: Panax ginseng has been claimed to have ergogenic and anti-aging properties in humans. However, previous studies present mix results. The changing component profiles of ginseng with seasons may undermine scientific observation. Here, we examined the effect of different dosage of purified ginsenoside Rg1 on cycling time to exhaustion and the regulatory action of inflammation in exercised muscle during short time recovery. Methods: Study I, performance test. A randomized, double-blind, crossover design was conducted with a 2-week washout. Twelve recreationally active males (age 22.7 ± 0.5 years) participated in three parallel trials: Placebo (PLA), Rg1 (1 mg) or Rg1 (5 mg). Study II, senescent cell test. Twelve healthy young men (age 21.1 ± 0.2 years) were recruited in a randomized double blind placebo controlled crossover study, under three occasions: PLA, Rg1 (1 mg) or Rg1 (5 mg) supplementation 1 h prior to a high intensity cycling (70% V̇O2max). Study III, satellite cell test. The same participants excremental design as Study II. Study III was conducted to measure Pax7+ cells and myogenic regulatory factors in exercised muscle after exercise. Results: Study I, Rg1 (5 mg) supplementation prolonged cycling time to exhaustion by 12%, compared with PLA trial (P < 0.05). Intake of 1 mg Rg1 did not significantly increased performance. Study II, no changes of SA-β-gal were observed after cycling in the PLA trial. On the contrary, 9 out of the 12 participants showed complete elimination of SA-β-gal in exercised muscle after cycling in the Rg1 trial (P < 0.05). Increases in apoptotic DNA fragmentation (PLA: +87% vs. Rg1: +133%, P < 0.05) and CD68+ (PLA: +78% vs. Rg1: +121%, P = 0.17) occurred immediately after cycling in three trials. During the 3-h recovery, reverses in apoptotic nuclei content (PLA: +5% vs. Rg1: -32%, P < 0.01) and increases in iNOS and IL-6 mRNA levels of exercised muscle were observed only in the Rg1 (5 mg) trial (P < 0.01). Study III, Glycogen depletion and repletion were similar in PLA and Rg1 supplementation. The areas under curve (AUC) of glucose and AUC of insulin during the 3 h recovery were also similar. One hour cycling at 70% VO2max increased expression mRNA of PGC-1α and VEGF. Interestingly, muscle Pax7+ satellite cell number decreased immediately after exercise (-36%, P < 0.05), followed by decreases in centrally nucleated fibers (-46%, P = 0.08) and total glutathione (-35%, P < 0.05) and increases in TNF-α mRNA at 3 h post-exercise during the PLA trial. These responses were eliminated by Rg1 (5 mg) supplementation together with increases in Myf5 mRNA (+81%, P < 0.05) in exercised muscle. Conclusion: Our data suggest that Rg1 (5 mg) has ergogenic aid on endurance performance. Furthermore, Rg1 supplementation effectively eliminates senescent cells in exercised human skeletal muscle. Our data also suggest Rg1 preconditioning may help to maintain satellite cell proliferation by accelerating myogenesis of exercised human skeletal muscle.